Effect of metal accumulation on metallothionein level and condition of the periwinkle Littorina littorea along the Scheldt estuary (the Netherlands)

Metal (i.e. Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the soft tissue of Littorina littorea were measured along the heavily polluted Western Scheldt (WS) and relatively clean Eastern Scheldt (ES) estuary. Along the WS metal and MT levels in periwinkles reflected the known downstream decreasing pollution gradient. Surprisingly in ES animals As, Mn and Zn concentrations decreased from east to west reflecting past pollution. Compared to the WS metal concentrations of ES periwinkles were significantly lower and both estuaries were maximally discriminated from each other based on their Cd soft tissue concentration using a canonical discriminant analysis. Furthermore, no overall difference was found in MT levels among animals from both estuaries. Using previously obtained condition data (i.e. dry/wet weight ratio and lipid content) the relation between soft tissue metal concentration (i.e. Cd, Cu and Zn) and fitness indicators (i.e. MT and condition data) was examined using a canonical correlation analysis. Periwinkles with a high metal load (i.e. Cd and Zn) also had high MT levels but were in a relatively poor condition.     

Depositional history of sedimentary linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Southeastern Brazil)

This paper reports the reconstruction of the contamination history of a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Brazil) using linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). Three sediment cores were dated by ¹³⁷Cs. Concentrations in surficial layers were comparable to the midrange concentrations reported for coastal sediments worldwide. LAB concentrations increased towards the surface, indicating increased waste discharges into the estuary in recent decades. The highest concentration values occurred in the early 1970s, a time of intense industrial activity and marked population growth. The decreased LAB concentration, in the late 1970s was assumed to be the result of the world oil crisis. Treatment of industrial effluents, which began in 1984, was represented by decreased LAB levels. Microbial degradation of LABs may be more intense in the industrial area sediments. The results show that industrial and domestic waste discharges are a historical problem in the area.     

长江口区域饮用水源地有机污染特性研究

以南通市为例,对长江口区域饮用水源地53种挥发性有机物( VOCs)、64种半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)、33种农药、20种多氯联苯等有机污染物进行定性、定量检测,选取汇龙镇水厂、如皋水厂、海门长江水厂3个水厂水源地进行r枯水期、平水期、丰水期3个水期的监测.结果表明:(1)VOCs中仅在枯水期有四氯化碳检出,33种农...     

基于实测资料的长江河口南支河段盐水入侵规律分析

为对长江口南支河段盐水入侵规律有清晰的认识，在梳理、总结以往研究成果的基础上，通过对历年咸潮及氯度实测资料的分析，对长江口南支河段盐水入侵的规律进行了较为全面系统的分析研究。研究表明：北支盐水倒灌是长江口南支河段盐水入侵的主要来源；在研究水域，枯季大潮期氯度的沿程分布表现为两头高、中间低的“马鞍形”形式，枯季中潮期则为“高 低 高 低 高”的复杂的“W”形的分布形式；受外海潮汐和上游径流的综合作用，由大潮到中潮，倒灌盐水团在下移过程中，氯度的沿程分布形式发生了变异；近期盐水入侵的程度有加剧的趋势；研究水域2～3月盐水入侵最严重，在这段时间内盐水入侵超标次数多、历时长；当大通流量小于20 000 m3/s时，就可能发生明显的北支盐水倒灌南支现象；盐水入侵程度跟大通流量和潮汐强度密切相关；大通流量越大，盐水入侵程度越低；潮差越大，盐水入侵程度越高     

瓯江河口潮汐特征变化及其原因分析

利用瓯江河口沿程4个长期潮位站的监测数据,结合潮流数学模型,计算分析1960~2014年各站年均高、低潮位,年均涨落潮历时特征值,得出瓯江河口近54 a来潮汐特征变化过程,分析相关影响因素,探讨河口潮汐特征变化原因。结果表明:瓯江河口下游的龙湾站多年来潮汐特征尚无明显趋势性变化;河口中上游的温州、梅岙和花岩头站趋势性变化明显且变化规律基本一致,整体表现为高潮位上升、低潮位下降、潮差增大,涨潮历时延长、落潮历时缩短的特征,时空格局上,上游站位潮汐特征变幅大于下游站位,低潮位变幅大于高潮位变幅。原因分析表明,流域来水对河口潮汐特征的影响不明显;堤线调整和围垦工程等人类活动主要引起工程局部河段潮位变化;河口高强度的采砂活动应是温州、梅岙、花岩头站潮汐特征变化的主因。瓯江河口不同河段因受径流、潮流、人类活动等因素的影响程度不同,其潮位特征沿程的变化特点也不同,需要在河口工程设计、防洪减灾与河口治理等方面予以关注。     

Sources and major biogeochemical pathways of organic matter in the mangrove system of Rufiji estuary

Fatty acids were extracted from the surface sediments (10 cm) of three sampling sites of Rufiji estuary to infer their sources and biogeochemical pathways. The fatty acids ranging from C₈ to C₂₄ were distinguished from this study, and were broadly classified into saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SFAs were found to be the major fraction at station 1 and 3 where as at station 2, MUFAs dominated. A total of 19 fatty acids with a total concentration of 64.91 μg/g dry weight were characterised at station 1. C_16:0 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94% of total fatty acids (TFAs). C_22:2 was the second most abundant, which accounted for 9.46% of TFAs. Fatty acids ranging from C₁₂ to C₂₄ were identified at station 2. C₂₀ fatty acid was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94%, followed by C_16:0. At station 3, fatty acids ranging from C₈ to C₂₄ were obtained. The PUFA C_20:5n-3 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.65%, followed by C_24:0 (15.00% of TFAs). The ratio of lower molecular weight (LMW) to higher molecular weight (HMW) biomarkers was used as an indicators to distinguish higher plants organic matter from algae-derived fatty acids.     

近期长江口南北槽分流口河段悬沙输运机制研究

针对近期长江口南北槽分流口地区出现新的河床冲淤演变情况,对分流口河道尤其北槽入口河段多次实测水文结果进行分析,探讨了分流口河道悬沙输运机制。〖JP2〗通过引入输沙机制影响强度尺度参数,得到悬沙输运机制的数学表达形式,并进一步探讨了北槽入口河道产生淤积的原因。结果表明：(1)北槽分流口存在三级输沙机制,且不同输沙机制项在近口段、口中段和口内段各段中影响程度也不相同;(2)分流口泥沙来源于南港河段,在向“南港-北槽”输运过程中,一部分泥沙受到分流潜堤拦截,落淤在潜堤北侧造成九段沙沙头持续淤长;(3)悬沙在口中段受两项输沙机制的共同控制下,跨跃航槽,横向输运。并在输移过程中落淤,最终形成北槽入口局部区域的持续淤积     

长江口浮游植物群落特征及其与环境的响应关系

根据2009年4月、8月、11月对长江口30个站位的调查,分析了浮游植物群落结构的时空变化及其与环境因子的响应特征. 共鉴定出浮游植物8门95属330种,主要优势种是硅藻和甲藻,其中中肋骨条藻占绝对优势. 浮游植物细胞丰度呈单周期季节性变化,夏季为高峰期,长江口近海区为高值区. 浮游植物群落多样性11月最高,主要分布在长江口过渡水域. 浮游植物群落可分为四大类群,各区域不同季节种类组成具有显著差异. CCA(典范对应分析)显示,浮游植物群落与环境因子密切相关,并且其响应机制存在季节性差异.硅藻细胞丰度4月与ρ(NO₃--N)、ρ(COD_Mn),8月与ρ(SiO₄4--Si)、ρ(NO₃--N)、ρ(PO₄3--P),11月与透明度呈显著正相关(P<0.01);11月与ρ(PO₄3--P)、ρ(SiO₄4--Si)呈显著负相关(P<0.01). 甲藻细胞丰度4月与ρ(NH₄+-N),8月与ρ(COD_Mn),11月与透明度、ρ(NO₃--N)呈显著正相关(P<0.05). 长江口环境因子的改变影响浮游植物群落结构的时空变化,各季节引起浮游植物群落结构变异的驱动因素存在差异.      

黄河口滨海湿地水质污染物现状研究

于2009年5月(枯水期)、8月(丰水期)和11月(平水期)在黄河入海口滨海湿地典型水域选取14个调查站点采集水样,测定水体营养盐、重金属、石油类等22项污染指标,采用内梅罗指数和综合营养状态指数评价法对水质污染现状进行研究和评价.结果表明,滨海湿地整体水质属于轻度富营养化水平,并呈现逐年加剧趋势.湿地湖泊、黄河故道、国家自然保护区、养殖池塘等静态水域污染较轻,以广利河、挑河、神仙沟、小岛河、孤东油田排涝沟为代表的支流水体污染较重,明显超过黄河主干河道.调查发现滨海湿地水体主要污染物为TN、TP、石油烃、Hg、NH4+-N、UIA和Chl-a等.与历史数据对比,湿地水体氮磷污染明显加剧,石油烃和Hg污染未见显著增长,其他重金属含量均未超标,整体水质污染形势不容乐观.