缓蚀剂在军用飞机维护中的应用研究

目的验证海洋环境下硬膜水置换型缓蚀剂应用于军用飞机连接部位的有效性。方法采用功能渗透性试验、环境谱加速腐蚀对比试验对缓蚀剂性能进行评价,并通过在某型飞机典型结构部位的领先试用验证缓蚀剂的实际应用效果。结果缓蚀剂渗透率可达到85%。应用于军用飞机内部,对腐蚀的发展有明显的抑制作用,可显著延长腐蚀发生的时间。结论应用缓蚀剂作为腐蚀预防的有效手段,可在军用飞机维护中推广应用。     

硝化抑制剂对我国蔬菜生产产量、氮肥利用率和氧化亚氮减排效应的影响:Meta分析

我国蔬菜生产系统由于长期过量施肥导致氮肥利用率低和环境问题严重,氮肥配施硝化抑制剂是降低活性氮损失、增加蔬菜产量和提高氮肥利用率的有效策略,然而缺乏系统研究.基于数据整合分析的方法,系统分析了氮肥配施硝化抑制剂［双氰胺（DCD）、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）和2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（NP）］对我国蔬菜生产的产量、植株氮吸收、氮肥利用率和氧化亚氮减排效应的影响,进一步揭示不同田间管理措施对其效果的影响.结果表明,氮肥配施硝化抑制剂能够显著提高蔬菜产量（9.2%）、植株氮吸收（10.4%）和氮肥利用效率（11.2%）,同时减少氧化亚氮排放（28.4%）.不同硝化抑制剂类型中,NP对增产效应和氧化亚氮减排效应的影响幅度最高,分别为16.1%和32.0%,其次是DMPP和DCD.硝化抑制剂在不同氮肥用量中能提高蔬菜产量（6.7%~14.7%）和减少氧化亚氮排放（14.6%~36.8%）.在中性和碱性菜地土壤中,硝化抑制剂的增产效应和氧化亚氮减排效应的影响幅度较酸性土大.硝化抑制剂在露地栽培、根菜类和叶菜类的条件下对产量的增加和氧化亚氮的减排效果较好.主成分分析表明,土壤总氮含量和土壤pH是影响硝化抑制剂对蔬菜产量形成和驱动氧化亚氮排放的主要因素.综上,硝化抑制剂是实现蔬菜系统提质增效、节肥减排的重要举措.同时,农户应根据土壤和田间管理措施选择适宜硝化抑制剂类型,以最大限度提高其有效性.     

严酷环境下飞机外场腐蚀防护对策与措施

简要分析了飞机在沿海及海岛等严酷环境下使用面临的腐蚀问题,通过列举国内外典型飞机腐蚀案例,阐明了环境腐蚀对飞机的危害性。简要介绍了美军飞机腐蚀防护对策与控制措施。针对我国现役飞机的严酷使用环境、腐蚀特点研究制定了外场条件下飞机腐蚀防护对策与措施,主要包括有针对性的腐蚀检查、表面清洗、除湿干燥、机载电子电气设备防护措施、易腐蚀部位涂覆缓蚀剂、动部件活动部位涂覆润滑脂、腐蚀损伤修复的原则与措施等。     

Prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form of Netherton syndrome by SPINK5 mutation analysis

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a severe autosomal recessive ichthyosis with no specific treatment or prenatal diagnosis available at present. The recent identification of SPINK5, which encodes a serine protease inhibitor, as the defective gene enables DNA-based prenatal diagnosis to be carried out. Here we report the first direct molecular prenatal diagnosis of a lethal form due to a recurrent SPINK5 mutation in three consanguineous Turkish families. XmnI restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that each deceased affected child was homozygous for mutation 153delT inherited from each parent. Analysis of fetal DNA from amniotic fluid cells in Family 1 and from a chorionic villus sampling in Family 3 showed that the fetus was heterozygous for 153delT in both cases. The pregnancies were carried to term and the newborns were unaffected. In Family 2, fetal DNA analysis from chorionic villus biopsy showed in a first pregnancy that the fetus was homozygous for 153delT. The pregnancy was terminated at 13 weeks and DNA analysis of fetal keratinocytes confirmed the prenatal prediction. In a second pregnancy in Family 2, fetal DNA analysis showed heterozygosity for 153delT, and the pregnancy was continued. Direct SPINK5 mutation analysis in families at risk for NS represents the first early, rapid and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of this life-threatening form of ichthyosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种不同阻垢剂对硫酸钡垢的协同作用初探

N和R都是工业上常用的阻垢剂。N是一种磷酸钠盐,具有抑制晶核生长的效果,R是一种磷酸酯盐,具有分散效果。通过使用油田上典型的易结垢盐水配方,采用静态瓶试验和动态模拟试验相结合的方法讨论了N和R以及其不同比例混合物的阻垢效果,考察了硫酸钡垢的成垢机理和阻垢剂的阻垢机理。结果表明,在70℃,250PSI条件下,混合物N∶R为3∶1时的阻垢剂效果最好,具备协同作用。     

阻垢剂对钙离子沉积的影响及其机理

全面研究了4种阻垢剂从低浓度到高浓度对钙离子的作用。在低浓度阶段，阻垢效果随着阻垢剂浓度的增加而增强；在高浓度阶段，阻垢剂会与钙离子生成沉淀，加大浓度后沉淀会溶解。经过分析发现，这几种阻垢剂与钙离子之间存在化学计量关系。     

新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合在城市污水回用中的应用

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水回用作循环冷却水补充水的工艺，采用新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合进行了动态试验。加入药剂后腐蚀速率为0.00087g/（m^2·h）和0.00116g/（m^2·h），缓蚀率在80%左右，表明该药剂能较好地控制铜管腐蚀。     

大豆皂甙复合物抑制猴免疫缺陷病毒活性的观察

以猴免疫缺陷病毒（ＳＩＶ）为靶病毒和相应的ＣＥＭｘ１７４细胞系统为模型，以ＡＺＴ为阳性对照药物，观察了从大豆提取的皂甙复合物及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对细胞病变的影响．结果表明，大豆皂甙复合物具有明显的抗ＳＩＶ作用，而大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂则无抗ＳＩＶ作用．     

Effects of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex on hydrogen production by fermentative microbes

The redox state of carbon sources directly affected the ratio of NADH/NAD⁺ which was coupled to the hydrogen production by Bacillus sp. FS2011. The addition of the inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDHc)E1 could regulate hydrogen production by FS2011 or pretreated compost in batch cultivation. With the addition of appropriate amount of inhibitor, hydrogen production via the NADH pathway was increased, leading to the higher overall hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen yields of 307.6 ± 13.21 mL/g by FS2011 with the inhibitor of 80 ppm and 362.1 ± 10.1 mL/g by pretreated compost with the inhibitor of 60 ppm were observed, which were increased by 8.7% and 17.8% compared with the controls, respectively. Meanwhile the production of soluble metabolic byproducts such as butyrate, acetate and so on were decreased, resulting in reducing the difficulty of wastewater treatment.