地铁型材模具的探讨

介绍了大型铝型材的特点 ,大型铝型材模具的设计 ,分流比的选择 ,分流孔位置的布置 ,芯头颈部的选择 ,工作带的确定以及加工中的注意事项     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of spring and stream water chemistry in a high-mountain area

The present study deals with the application of the self-organizing map (SOM) technique in the exploration of spatiotemporal dynamics of spring and stream water samples collected in the Chocho?owski Stream Basin located in the Tatra Mountains (Poland). The SOM-based classification helped to uncover relationships between physical and chemical parameters of water samples and factors determining the quality of water in the studied high-mountain area. In the upper part of the Chocho?owski Stream Basin, located on the top of the crystalline core of the Tatras, concentrations of the majority of ionic substances were the lowest due to limited leaching. Significantly higher concentration of ionic substances was detected in spring and stream samples draining sedimentary rocks. The influence of karst-type springs on the quality of stream water was also demonstrated.     

Profiles of PAH emission from steel and iron industries

In order to characterize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission from steel and iron industries, this study measured the stack emission of twelve steel and iron plants in southern Taiwan to construct a set of source fingerprints. The study sampled the emissions by the USEPA's sampling method 5 with the modification of Graseby for the gas and particulate phase PAH and, then, used Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometer detector to analyze the samples. The steel and iron industries are classified into three categories on the basis of auxiliary energy source: Category I uses coal as fuel, Category II uses heavy oil as fuel and Category III uses electric arc furnace. The pollution source profiles are obtained by averaging the ratios of individual PAH concentrations to the total concentration of 21 PAHs and total particulate matter measured in this study. Results of the study show that low molecular weight PAHs are predominant in gas plus particulate phase for all three categories. For particulate phase PAHs, however, the contribution of large molecular weight compounds increases. Two-ring PAHs account for the majority of the mass, varying from 84% to 92% with an average of 89%. The mass fractions of 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-ring PAHs in Category I are found to be more than those of the other two categories. The mass of Category III is dominated by 7-ring PAHs. Large (or heavy) molecular weight PAHs (HMW PAHs) are carcinogenic. Over all categories, these compounds are less than 1% of the total-PAH mass on the average. The indicatory PAHs are benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene for Category I, benzo[a]pyrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene for Category II and coronene, pyrene, benzo[b]chrycene for Category III. The indicatory PAHs among categories are very different. Thus, dividing steel and iron industry into categories by auxiliary fuel is to increase the precision of estimation by a receptor model. Average total-PAH emission factors for coal, heavy oil and electric arc furnace were 4050 μg/kg-coal, 5750 μg/l-oil, 2620 μg/kW h, respectively. Carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene for gas plus particulate phase was 2.0 g/kg-coal, 2.4 μg/l-oil and 1.4 μg/kW h for Category I, II and III, respectively.     

Shifted power-law relationship between NO2 concentration and the distance from a highway: A new dispersion model based on the wind profile model

In this paper, a shifted power-law model, based on the wind profile model, had been supposed to simulate concentration gradient of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with distance from a highway. Field experiments were performed for NO₂ gradients from a highway in Shanghai by using passive samplers. The shifted power-law model was fitted well with experimental results of field experiments both in this study and in the literature. The results not only verified the validity of shifted power-law relationship between NO₂ concentration and the distance from a highway, but also partially demonstrated that there were some significant similarities between wind profile and air pollutants concentration profile near highway. With known concentration of chosen reference point and appropriate value of the parameter k, the model could be practically applied for predicting the NO₂ distributions near a highway. The methods of determining the parameter k were also discussed for further detailed studies.     

碱水残渣等工业“三废”调剖可行性研究

从加大中原油田调剖措施工作力度的必要性、紧迫性出发。通过利用室内实验前后岩心渗透率、铸体图象、压汞参数、扫描电镜孔隙变化等实验分析结果,研究了利用碱水残渣、废纸浆、锯木灰等工业“三废”调剖的可行性,及其在中原油田水井调剖中的适用性。结合目前注水冲刷地层孔隙结构变化的特点,还提出配套改进办法和扩大推广应用规模的建议。     

我国木器涂料及汽车涂料中挥发性有机物特征

目前,工业源有机溶剂相关的实测型研究在我国鲜见报道,为摸清我国工业源有机溶剂挥发性有机物（volatile organic compounds,VOCs）含量及物种情况,提供建立我国工业源有机溶剂使用源排放清单所需的排放因子,选取我国用量均高居全球第一的木器涂料及汽车涂料开展研究.通过到企业采样及市场购买等途径获取涂料样品,按国内涂料相关标准检测方法进行测定,获取涂料中VOCs含量及成分谱,并计算其臭氧生成潜势（ozone formation potential,OFP）.结果表明,在木器涂料中,溶剂型、水性和光固化（ultra-violet,UV）涂料的平均VOCs含量（质量分数）分别为37.28%、9.88%和18.02%.汽车涂料中,水性原厂漆、溶剂型原厂漆、水性修补漆和溶剂型修补漆的平均VOCs含量分别为15.06%、59.90%、11.79%和54.50%.不同种类的涂料VOCs含量差异巨大.水性涂料的主要组分及OFP贡献者为醇醚类,溶剂型涂料的为苯系物及酯类,UV涂料的为酯类和醇醚类.涂料样品的均值均可满足现行强制性国家标准,但存在12%的溶剂型木器涂料样品和42%的溶剂型汽车原厂漆样品未达标.此外,除了水性木器涂料的苯系物超标外,其余涂料样品中规定的有害物质含量均达标.     

典型胶合板制造企业VOCs排放特征

通过苏玛罐采样和GC-MS/FID分析系统,测定了山东地区典型胶合板制造企业的VOCs排放特征.结果表明,烷烃（13.81%~39.16%）、含氧VOCs（5.68%~36.06%）和芳香烃（3.58%~48.12%）是热压和涂胶工艺主要排放成分,废气排口以含氧VOCs（6.49%~83.88%）排放为主,不同工艺环节的特征VOCs组分各有不同;烯炔烃（27.12%~39.38%）和芳香烃（32.47%~45.63%）是热压工艺和涂胶工艺的高OFP组分,废气排口则以含氧VOCs（52.82%）对O₃生成贡献最大;基于SOAP评估,各环节均以芳香烃类化合物（97.08%~98.03%）为主要活性组分;测得山东地区胶合板制造行业VOCs排放因子为0.89g VOCs/m³胶合板.     

成都平原区水稻土有机碳剖面分布特征及影响因素

了解环境因素对土壤有机碳剖面分布的影响,是准确拟合土壤有机碳在垂直方向上的连续变化、开展其三维空间分布模拟和估算区域土壤有机碳储量的基础.基于171个土壤剖面采样数据,利用指数递减函数拟合土壤有机碳剖面分布,分析成都平原区水稻土有机碳剖面分布的空间变异特征,并探讨成土母质、土壤类型(亚类和土属)、海拔、与河流距离和土地利用方式对其空间变异的影响作用,进而揭示环境因素对土壤有机碳剖面分布的影响.结果表明,0~20、20~40、40~60和60~100 cm土壤有机碳均值分别为19.42、9.59、5.99和5.20 g·kg-1,表现出显著的剖面递减趋势.土壤有机碳含量主要集中在40 cm以上,占整个土壤剖面的质量分数为72.17%,是研究成都平原区水稻土碳源/汇的关键部分.拟合土壤有机碳剖面分布的指数递减函数的2类参数呈现出一致的空间分布格局,具有空间相关性;参数C和k的块金系数分别为55.400%和47.671%,表明成都平原区水稻土壤有机碳剖面分布受结构性因素和随机性因素共同影响.回归分析揭示,成土母质和土属是影响研究区土壤有机碳剖面分布的主控因素,但海拔、与河流距离和土地利用的作用不容忽视.在拟合成都平原区水稻土有机碳剖面分布、构建其三维空间预测模型和估算土壤有机碳储量时,应重点考虑成土母质和土属的作用.     

Synthesis of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) in Simulated Microgravity: An Investigation of Aeration Profiles in Shake Flask and Bioreactor

The microbial strain Azotobacter vinelandii UWD was grown under conditions of simulated microgravity in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Bioreactor. Bacterial growth in simulated microgravity differed significantly from that observed in conventional shake flask experiments: Cells tended to grow in a cluster-like pattern and polymer production started immediately after exposing them to conditions of simulated microgravity, and no lag time was observed. It was imperative to differentiate between the effects derived from microgravity and those imposed by the altered oxygen supply in the bioreactor. Aeration conditions were studied in both reactor types and a gas supply profile was developed for the bioreactor. This supply profile allowed for similar amounts of dissolved oxygen in the bioreactor and the shake flask in the initial stage of the fermentation and, therefore, for an evaluation of the effects of microgravity on biopolyester-producing bacteria. Since the optical density that is conventionally used as a measure for the cell growth could not be used due to the cluster-like growth pattern of the cells, it was determined that bacterial growth behavior in the bioreactor can be monitored through glucose or oxygen consumption.     

Environmental behaviors of selenium in soil of typical selenosis area, China

Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confir...