南京“6·30”醉酒驾车致5死4伤恶性车祸引发的反思

醉酒驾车，顷刻间5条生命命丧车轮 今年6月30日晚上8时20分，李虹像往常一样，在南京市江宁区金盛路旁摆起瓜摊，向路人吆喝卖瓜。突然，一辆牌号为苏ATH900的黑色别克君越轿车像一匹脱缰的野马由南向北朝她直撞过来，当她还未明白到底怎么一回事时，轿车“轰”得一声撞到了瓜摊旁的一辆垃圾车，垃圾车被撞飞，一头砸向西瓜摊，由于躲闪不及，她的额头被砸伤，顿时鲜血直流。     

大城市郊区农村环境污染现状及治理对策

在城市环境日益得到改善的同时，农村环境正日趋恶化。尤其是在经济发达的大城市郊区农村，工业化、城镇化进程较快，各类污染源相互交织，严重阻碍了大城市发展和新农村建设的进程。本文以上海市某郊区为例，通过对农村地区实地调研，综合分析了郊区农村环境特点、环境污染现状，并探讨了农村环境污染的成因，在此基础上提出农村环境污染的治理对策建议。     

寓监管于服务之中——记南京市重点工程安全监管工作

南京市重点工程建设规模大、施工难度大、建设时间紧,为南京市安全生产工作带来巨大的压力,但是南京市安监局抓住了重点工程安全生产的关键,创新监管方式,为重点工程建设提供了安全保障,为南京市经济发展写下安全注脚。     

南京地域人口发展功能分区

在GIS技术支持下，以南京市137个乡镇（街道）为基本评价单元，从人居环境约束性和适宜性两方面出发，探讨市域尺度上人口发展功能分区的研究思路、指标体系构建及研究方法。强调让人居环境适宜性好、资源环境承载力高、社会经济发展能力强的地区吸纳更多的人口；而人居环境约束性高、资源环境承载力有限、生态环境脆弱的地区承担更多的农业生产和生态服务功能，限制人口规模的扩大，以此协调人口发展与资源环境、社会经济之间的关系。在综合评价南京市人居环境约束性和适宜性分区基础上，依据二维判别矩阵，将南京市域划分为人口集聚区、人口稳定区、人口培育区、人口疏散区、人口限制区等五大类型区，并针对不同类型区域提出了相应的保障措施，以此为市域人口合理布局提供依据.     

南京市大气污染减排多维度环境绩效评估

污染减排的环境绩效评估是经济发展转型、环境应急保障和环境绩效审计等领域研究热点。运用脱钩分析工具、空气质量模式和环境绩效审计方法,从宏观、中观、微观3个维度定量评估了南京市大气污染减排的环境绩效。结果表明:(1)2006-2013年工业经济增长与SO_2、NO_x和废气排放量基本实现脱钩,第二产业和重工业比重呈下降趋势,污染减排优化经济转型作用明显。(2)青奥会大气环境保障期间,临时管控方案情景下,SO_2、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)实际减排比例分别为29%、25%、65%和45%,相对应地SO_2、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度环比分别下降18.8%、15%、35.4%和37%,大气污染减排与空气质量改善具有较好的响应关系。(3)"十一五"以来南京市电力行业单位发电量排放的SO_2、NO_x分别下降了78.7%、53.0%,大气污染减排技术改造的环境绩效显著,从降低PM_(2.5)浓度角度燃煤电厂可考虑实施超低排放改造。     

南京地区大气气溶胶及水溶性无机离子特征分析

于2010~2011年在南京市城郊两个采样点收集了气溶胶样品,并利用离子色谱(IC)法分析了其中的水溶性无机离子成分.结果表明,采样期间除了夏季,其他3个季节南京城郊气溶胶污染都较严重.南京城郊气溶胶谱分布特征基本在0.65~2.1μm和5.8~9μm粒径段出现峰值.PM2.5与能见度的相关性很大.城郊离子总质量浓度均是春冬季高于夏秋季,四季阴离子质量浓度明显高于阳离子,且这一特征在细粒子上表现明显.水溶性离子在气溶胶中所占比例是夏秋冬季城区高于郊区.南京城郊NO3-/SO42-年均值表明采样期间燃煤仍然是主要污染源,且该比值夏季最低,冬季最高.NH4+、K+、NO3-和SO42-主要富集在细粒子上;Na+、Cl-和NO2-在粗粒子和细粒子上都有富集;Ca2+、Mg2+和F-主要在粗粒子上富集.因子分析(FA)的方法表明南京城区气溶胶主要有3个来源.     

南京夏季城市冠层大气 CO2浓度时空分布规律的观测

城市是CO2重要排放源,直接观测城市中大气CO2浓度对于研究人类活动对大气温室气体的贡献至关重要,而在城市中多个站点、多个高度上观测大气CO2浓度则有助于认识城市CO2浓度的时空变化规律,确定其影响机制.本研究于2014年7月18日至7月25日在南京主城区东、西、南、北和中共5个方位(100 m左右高度),2014年8月3日至2014年8月9日在南京主城区中部站点的3个高度(30、65和110 m)观测CO2浓度.结果表明:1南京主城区垂直方向上CO2浓度存在明显梯度,近地面30 m处CO2浓度受人为活动影响明显,平均值达427.3×10-6(±18.2×10-6)(摩尔分数,下同),高层65m、110 m处CO2浓度混合均匀,平均值分别为411.8×10-6(±15.0×10-6)和410.9×10-6(±14.6×10-6).大气层结越稳定,CO2浓度越高,垂直梯度越大.2南京主城区CO2浓度的水平分布受风和大气稳定度的控制.观测期间盛行东北风向,导致CO2浓度分布整体呈现西南高,东北低的格局,城市主城区上下风向CO2浓度差为7.8×10-6.而且水平风速越大,越有助于将上风向的CO2传输至城市的下风向,CO2浓度差就越小.大气层结越稳定,整体CO2浓度越高.3南京主城区5个站点CO2浓度均有明显的日变化,日最高值出现在交通早高峰期间,谷值在17:00左右,在19:00左右有时会因交通晚高峰而出现次高值.     

南京市城市污泥和工业污泥中典型矿质元素含量和形态分布研究

采用三态连续提取法研究南京市部分城市污泥和工业污泥中典型矿质元素的含量和形态分布,为污泥资源化的合理利用提供科学参考.结果表明,污泥总体呈高有机质、高氮磷、低K的相似性,但其理化性质如阳离子交换容量(CEC)、pH等有差异.污泥中不同矿质元素含量差异也较大,Fe的浓度最高,其次是Mg、Zn;且不同污泥间同一矿质元素含量的差异也较大.各元素的形态分布有一定差异,Cu主要分布在可氧化态,其酸溶/交换态和可还原态的百分率很低;Zn三态分布均较高;Mg、Mn主要分布在酸溶/交换态;Fe主要分布在残渣态.但三种提取形态百分率之和除Fe外均超过50%.研究同时表明,城市污泥和工业污泥中矿质元素形态分布无显著性差异.     

Distribution of Cu and Pb in particle size fractions of urban soils from different city zones of Nanjing, China

Soil samples from 4 defined city zones of Nanjing were randomly collected at 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm intervals and size fractions of soil particles were separated from undisturbed bulk soils by low energy dispersion procedure. The total contents of Cu and Pb in the different particle size fractions of the urban soils were analyzed by HNO3-HF-HClO4 digestion and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer determination. The total content of Cu and Pb in soil particle size fractions varied with their size and with city zones as well. Both the content and variation with the size fractions of Pb was bigger than of Cu supporting our previous finding that there was Pb pollution to different degrees in the urban soils although the two elements were generally enriched in clay-sized fraction. Contaminated Pb tended to be preferentially enriched in the size fraction of 2000-250 μm and clay-sized fraction. While the size fractions of the soils from newly developed and preserved area contained smaller amount of Cu and Pb, the partitioning of them in coarse and fine particle size fractions were insignificant compared to that from inner residence and commercial area. The very high Pb level over 150 mg/kg of the fine particle fractions from the soils of the inner city could be a cause of high blood Pb level reported of children from the city as acute exposure to Pb of fine particles of the urban soil might occur by soil ingestion and inhalation by young children. Thus, much attention should be paid to the partitioning of toxic metals in fine soil particles of the urban soils and countermeasures against high health risk of Pb exposure by soil ingestion and dust inhalation should be practiced against the health problem of blood Pb for young children from the cities.     

Free cupric ions in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine in eastern Nanjing City, China

To determine the environmental free metal ion activity was a recent hot issue. A method to measure low-level free cupric ion activity in soil solution extracted with 0.01 mol/L KNO3 was developed by using cupric ion-selective electrode （ISE） and calibrating with Cu-buffer solution. Three copper buffers including iminodiacetic acid （IDA）, ethylenediamine （EN）, and glycine （Gly） were compared for calibrating the Cu-ISE curves in the range of free cupric ions （pCu^2＋） 7-13. The Cu-EN buffer showed the best electrode response and thus was applied as the calibration buffer. The pCu^2＋ of 39 contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine was measured, ranging from 5.03 to 9.20. Most Cu in the soil solutions was found to be complexed with dissolved soil organic matters, averaging 98.1%. The proportion of free Cu^2＋ ions in the soil solutions decreased with the increasing of solution pH. Soluble Cu and free Cu^2＋ ions concentrations were analyzed by multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effects of soil properties on metal levels and speciation. The results showed that soil solution pH was the most significant factor influencing pCu^2＋ （with R^2 value of 0.76）, while not important for the soluble Cu concentration.