硝基芳烃为衍生物的定量结构-活性关系

对硝基芳烃类衍生物进行半经验分析轨道MNDO计算 ,求得全优化几何构型和电子结构。发现硝基氧原子的电荷平均值Q以及分子的LUMO能级值ELUMO与实验毒性呈线性相关 ,其多项式相关方程为 :-lgEC50 =9.1 0 7+1 9.54Q - 0 .996ELUMO,r=0 .949,F=1 0 .2 7(>F0 .0 0 1 )。无论从相关系数 ,还是从显著性检验看 ,-lgEC50 与Q和ELUMO之间存在非常显著的相关关系。并由此推测硝基芳数落向藻类细胞膜内的扩散过程及其随后与亲核基质相作用形成负离子自由基代谢产物的过程是其藻类致毒作用的控制步骤     

多元逐步回归对苯胺类化合物结构与毒性模型研究

采用Chemoffice6．0中MOPAC-AMl量子化学法计算了24种苯胺类化合物的6种量子化学结构参数．其中取17个化合物作为样本集对-lgEC50进行多元逐步回归分析．得到最佳方程．经自由度校正的回归系数R=0．985。应用所建立的QSAR模型验证了苯胺类化合物的EC50值．并通过“Jackknife”中的逐一抽取法进行模型检验,得出该模型具有很好的稳定性．平均残差仅为0．05个对数单位．小于文献值。经过7个预测样本对该模型进行验证．结果表明．该模型具有很好的预测能力。同时分析了苯胺类化合物的毒性机理。     

含氯苯酚类化合物结构表征与毒性预测

将有机化合物中的不同非氢原子及非氢原子之间的关系参数化得到新的结构描述符，运用该描述符对部分含氯苯酚类化合物分子结构进行了参数化表征。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法构建了化合物结构与毒性(-lgIC₅₀)之间的关系模型，模型的建模相关系数(R²)为0.948，“留一法”交互检验的相关系数(Q²)为0.922，标准偏差(SD)为0.184。结果表明结构描述符能较好地表征化合物分子结构特征，所建模型稳定性好、预测能力强，对于酚类化合物QSAR研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于QSAR模型的磺胺与群体感应抑制剂对枯草芽孢杆菌联合慢性毒性规律初探

群体感应抑制剂是抗生素最有可能的替代品,两者在环境中的共存会对生物造成联合毒性影响。以革兰氏阳性菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,B.subtilis)为模式生物,3种群体感应抑制剂(呋喃酮、吡咯酮和吡咯)和磺胺类药物为研究对象,测定了20 h单一和联合毒性。结果显示,3种群体感应抑制剂和磺胺的联合毒性分别表现为相加和拮抗。同时根据不同的联合毒性效应,以药物和蛋白分子的对接结合能(Ebinding)作为结构参数分别构建了联合毒性的QSAR模型,并分析了不同毒性效应下混合物中各组分的相互作用关系。结果表明,无论是相加还是拮抗,在二元混合体系中磺胺与其靶蛋白DHPS的有效结合浓度总是高于群体感应抑制剂与Lux S的有效结合浓度;但当产生拮抗作用时,磺胺与DHPS的有效结合浓度相对较低,推测可能是群体感应抑制剂的存在使得磺胺由分子态变为离子态,从而使其难以穿过细胞壁与DHPS结合导致的。本研究为建立和分析联合毒性的QSAR模型提供了一定的理论基础。     

Multivariate toxicity profiles and QSAR modeling of non-dioxin-like PCBs--an investigation of in vitro screening data from ultra-pure congeners

The non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) found in food and human samples have a complex spectrum of adverse effects, but lack a detailed risk assessment. The toxicity profiles of 21 carefully selected PCBs (19 NDL-PCBs) were identified by in vitro screening in 17 different assays on specific endpoints related to neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and tumor promotion. To ensure that the test results were not affected by polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans or DL-PCB contaminants, the NDL-PCB congeners were thoroughly purified before testing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive general toxicity profiles from the in vitro screening data. The toxicity profiles indicated different structure-activity relationships (SAR) and distinct mechanisms of action. The analysis also indicated that the NDL-PCBs could be divided into two groups. The first group included generally smaller, ortho-substituted congeners, comprising PCB 28, 47, 51, 52, 53, 95, 100, 101, 104 and 136, with PCB 95, 101 and 136 as generally being most active. The second group comprising PCB 19, 74, 118, 122, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190 had lower biological activity in many of the assays, except for three endocrine-related assays. The most abundant congeners, PCB 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190, cluster in the second group, and thereby show similar SAR. Two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models could be developed that added information to the SAR and could aid in risk assessments of NDL-PCBs. The QSAR models predicted a number of congeners as active and among these e.g., PCB 18, 25, 45 and 49 have been found in food or human samples.     

定量构效关系模型分析氯代烯烃中氯原子对其分子描述符的影响

定量构效关系(QSAR)模型在研究饮用水消毒副产物(DBPs)中氯原子数量与毒性的关系方面有一定进展,然而,能够反映DBPs毒理性的分子描述符和氯原子数量之间的相关性却从未被系统地和定量的研究.分子描述符的计算是QSAR研究的基础,其中分子轨道能,如最低空轨道能量(ELUMO)是应用最广的量化参数之一.基于QSAR方法建模筛选氯代烯烃同系物的相关量子化学参数,检验最高占据轨道能级(EHOMO)、碳原子数(NC)、氯原子数(NCl)对ELUMO的贡献作用.并通过统计学方法进行模型开发和内外交叉法验证发现,NCl和NC是预测氯代烯烃分子特性较重要的两个化学参数,即较稳健的模型为ELUMO=-0.0205NCl+0.0059NC+0.1641(n=11,R2 =0.9956,F=102.8569,RMSE =0.0019).此外,为了提高模型的准确性,使用蒙特卡罗法对模型进行不确定性分析,来进一步评估这些参数的误差源传输到ELUMO计算时,对ELUMO的影响.     

Photoinduced degradation of sulfonamides,kinetic, and structural characterization of transformation products and assessment of environmental toxicity

This study focuses on the degradation of the sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole, using ultraviolet irradiation in various conditions. Different pHs were investigated in combination with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and further oxygen removal. High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry was used to identify and elucidate degradation products and to establish concentration–time curves. Previously unknown degradation products could be characterized. Reaction rate constants of all compounds and transformation products were determined. The parent sulfonamides decayed according to first-order kinetics, while the concentrations of the transformation products varied with time according to a subsequent reaction of an intermediate product. Quantum efficiencies were analyzed for mechanistic purposes. As example, sulfamethoxazole was added to effluents from a wastewater treatment plant and irradiated. Phototoxicity and environmental hazard were assessed through quantitative structure-activity relationship computations. In addition, the minimal inhibition concentrations were determined for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions for UV-C irradiation as a fourth purification wastewater treatment stage were derived.     

Application of various methods to determine the lipophilicity parameters of the selected urea pesticides as predictors of their bioaccumulation

Different lipophilicity procedures including a newly developed (based on O?cik's equation) was applied in order to compare various urea pesticides with herbicidal and also insecticidal activity, such as monolinuron, chlorotoluron, diuron, isoproturon, linuron, dimefuron, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron and lufenuron. Lipophilicity parameters (R_MWS and R_MW0) of nine examined pesticides were determined on the chromatographic plates RP-8F₂₅₄ with the use of methanol–water as a mobile phase_. Similarity analysis enabled to group all examined pesticides depending on their lipophilic character and allowed to perform a more objective comparison of different lipophilicity parameters obtained for investigated compounds by means of thin-layer chromatography and by the use of computational methods. It was stated that with the number of fluorine in examined pesticides, the lipophilic character of insecticides and also their tendency to bioaccumulation in the living systems increases noticeably. The results of this work confirmed that a new procedure for determining the lipophilicity parameter (R_MW0) by O?cik's equation could be a suitable tool in the prediction of pesticide bioaccumulation in living system and may be used as an indicator in design of new urea pesticides, which will be safe for humans and the environment.     

用GFA建立苯衍生物对发光菌毒性的QSAR模型

文章用Accelrys公司Material Studio4.0软件计算100个苯衍生物发光菌EC50样本不同类型的分子描述符,并用其中的GFA模块对筛选后的描述符建立了QSAR预测模型。训练集所得的最优的5个模型是同等的,根据r2和r2cv,方程1选为最优模型,其r2=0.933,r2cv=0.929。预测集预测相关系数r2pred为0.70,说明该模型具有较好的预测能力。