废气中C2HCl3臭氧氧化降解及其反应器性能的探讨

研究了废气中的C2HCl,在101.3kPa和298K下气相臭氧氧化降解过程.实验结果表明,总的反应级数是2.5级,相对于臭氧和三氯乙烯浓度为1级和1.5级,平均反应速率常数为57.30mol-1.5@L1.5@s-1.探讨了C2HCl3在全混流与活塞流反应器中臭氧氧化过程的性能.     

TCE/PCE的DNAPL污染及零价铁墙防治技术

介绍了一种国内环保领域鲜有提及的土壤及地下水中的重非水相液体污染即:DNAPL污染,并以三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为例阐述了其产生来源、危害及污染行为.针对DNAPL污染,详细论述了零价铁墙防治原理、降解途径及其主要的影响因素.     

温度对三氯乙烯在土壤中土/气分配系数的影响

采用批量实验测定了三氯乙烯 (TCE) 在三种土壤 (黄土,稻田土,黑土)中的土/气分配系数 (KSA),考察了温度对TCE在土壤中KSA的影响.结果表明:三种土壤的lnKSA与1000/T都呈良好的线性关系,TCE在三种土壤上的相变热ΔUSA分别为84.48, 60.32, 59.86 kJ·mol-1.另外低温时的KSA同样符合Boltzmann方程.     

三氯乙烯在模型吸附剂上的吸附特性

为了分别揭示矿物质、有机质在疏水性有机物吸附中的作用,文章研究了蒙脱石、高岭土、硅胶以及用腐殖酸修饰后的这3种模型吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附行为。采用批量吸附实验方法分别研究了三氯乙烯在不同吸附剂上的吸附。结果表明,硅胶、高岭土、蒙脱石对三氯乙烯均具有一定的吸附能力,吸附系数Kd值分别为10.3、3.13、1.15L·kg-1,硅胶的吸附能力明显高于高岭土和蒙脱石。3种无机模型吸附剂对腐殖酸表现出不同的吸附能力,蒙脱石最强,高岭土次之,硅胶最差,与对三氯乙烯的吸附能力正好相反。被腐殖酸修饰后3种模型吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附都明显增强,但增强程度不一样,当用8%腐殖酸(腐殖酸与模型吸附剂的质量比)修饰后,3种吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附Kd值均在23L·kg-1左右。虽然Kd随有机质的质量分数增高而上升,但是Kd值与有机质的质量分数不存在线性相关关系,特别是对于具有较高吸附能力的无机吸附剂,说明无机矿物本身结构对于吸附起到同等重要的作用。     

TCE／PCE的DNAPL污染及零价铁墙防治技术

介绍了一种国内环保领域鲜有提及的土壤及地下水中的重非水相液体污染即：DNAPL污染，并以三氯乙烯（TCE）和四氯乙烯（PCE）为例阐述了其产生来源、危害及污染行为。针对DNAPL污染，详细论述了零价铁墙防治原理、降解途径及其主要的影响因素。     

包覆型纳米铁的制备及对三氯乙烯的降解研究

采用微乳包覆法制备出粒径约为80 nm的纳米铁粒子.结果表明,包覆型纳米铁与普通液相法、微乳液法制备纳米铁相比,在空气中能稳定存在7 d,经过700 h后,其对初始浓度为10 mg·Ｌ^-1三氯乙烯(TCE)的去除率可达90%;对反应动力学规律进行了探讨,认为纳米铁对TCE的还原过程为准一级反应,在无氧、室温、中性条件下,浓度为87.5、 175、 262.5、 350 mg·Ｌ^-1的包覆型纳米铁的表观速率常数K_obs值分别为6.49×10^-4、6.64×10^-4、7.10×10^-4、7.43×10^-4 min^-1,证明K_obs与纳米铁质量浓度成正比;纳米铁与TCE的反应过程,是纳米铁失电子,在纳米铁表面生成Fe₃Ｏ₄,在水和Fe₃Ｏ₄界面上生成Fe₂Ｏ₃,TCE得电子降解,主要生成乙烯、乙烷,同时也有少量的其他含氯产物.     

Bio-removal of mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes/total petroleum hydrocarbons/trichloroethylene from contaminated water

Four pure cultures were isolated from soil samples potentially contaminated with gasoline compounds either at a construction site near a gas station in Fai Chi Kei, Macau SAR or in the northern parts of China (Beijing, and Hebei and Shandong). The e ects of di erent concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-) of xylene (BTEX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and trichloroethylene (TCE), when they were present in mixtures, on the bio-removal e ciencies of microbial isolates were investigated, together with their interactions during the bio-removal process. When the isolates were tested for the BTEX (50–350 mg/L)/TPH (2000 mg/L) mixture, BTEoX in BTEoX/TPH mixture was shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies, while BTEmX in BTEmX/TPH mixture was shown with the lowest, regardless of isolates. The TPH in BTEmX/TPH mixture, on the other hand, were generally shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies compared to when TPH mixed with BTEoX and BTEpX. When these BTEX mixtures (at 350 mg/L) were present with TCE (5–50 mg/L), the stimulatory e ect of TCE toward BTEoX bio-removal was observed for BTEoX/TCE mixture, while the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward BTEmX for BTEmX/TCE mixture. The bio-removal e ciency for TPH was shown lower in TPH (2000 mg/L)/TCE (5–50 mg/L) mixtures compared to TPH present alone, implying the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward TPH bio-removal. For the mixture of BTEX (417 mg/L), TPH (2000 mg/L) along with TCE (5– 50 mg/L), TCE was shown co-metabolically removed more e ciently at 15 mg/L, probably utilizing BTEX and/or TPH as primary substrates.     

A review： Advances in microbial remediation of trichloroethylene （TCE）

Research works in the recent past have revealed three major biodegradation processes leading to the degradation of trichloroethylene. Reductive dechlorination is an anaerobic process in which chlorinated ethenes are used as electron acceptors. On the other hand, cometabolism requires oxygen for enzymatic degradation of chlorinated ethenes, which however yields no benefit for the bacteria involved. The third process is direct oxidation under aerobic conditions whereby chlorinated ethenes are directly used as...     

Coupling of zero valent iron and biobarriers for remediation of trichloroethylene in groundwater

This study attempted to construct a three series barrier system to treat high concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE; 500 mg/L) in synthetic groundwater. The system consisted of three reactive barriers using iron fillings as an iron-based barrier in the first column, sugarcane bagasse mixed with anaerobic sludge as an anaerobic barrier in the second column, and a biofilm coated on oxygen carbon inducer releasing material as an aerobic barrier in the third column. In order to evaluate the extent of removal of TCE and its metabolites in the aquifer down gradient of the barrier system, a fourth column filled with sand was applied. Residence time of the system was investigated by a bromide tracer test. The results showed that residence time in the column system of the control set and experimental set were 23.62 and 29.99 days, respectively. The e ciency of the three series barrier system in removing TCE was approximately 84% in which the removal e ciency of TCE by the iron filling barrier, anaerobic barrier and aerobic barrier were 42%, 16% and 25%, respectively. cis-Dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene and chloride ions were observed as metabolites following TCE degradation. The presence of chloride ions in the e uent from the column system indicated the degradation of TCE. However, cis-DCE and VC were not fully degraded by the proposed barrier system which suggested that another remediation technology after the barrier treatment such as air sparging and adsorption by activated carbon should be conducted.     

阴-阳离子协同改性凹土对三氯乙烯的吸附

文章通过凹凸棒土对三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附动力学实验、等温平衡吸附实验及环境影响因素实验,探讨了凹凸棒土对TCE的去除机理及其影响因素。研究发现,相对于原土,有机改性凹凸棒土对TCE的去除效果有明显的提高,并随着有机碳含量的加大而升高,其去除机制主要为凹凸棒土上的有机相对TCE的分配作用,并以阴阳离子有机凹凸棒土100 HTDMA/100 SDS的吸附效果最好。在TCE初始浓度为100 mg·L-1,温度30℃、pH为(9±0.5),吸附时间2 h条件下,采用等摩尔凹凸棒土阳离子交换容量(CEC)的HTDMA和SDS协同改性的凹凸棒土(即100 HTDMA/100 SDS凹凸棒土)对污染水中TCE的去除率达到最高,并稳定维持在62%左右。