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121.
122.
重金属对人体的显著毒性和难降解的特性,使重金属水体污染成为全球性关注的环境问题。本文综述了重金属废水的危害、来源及常用处理方法,比较了不同类型活性炭处理废水中重金属离子的差异,阐述了不同类型活性炭处理技术的优势和特点,并对今后的重金属废水处理技术研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
123.
有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是一类重要的有机磷阻燃剂,近些年逐渐取代了溴代阻燃剂,广泛应用于各行各业,也因此导致在多种环境介质中有较高的暴露量和潜在风险。已有研究表明,OPEs具有一定的毒理效应,对人体及其他生物均有潜在危害。本文综述了近年来国内外OPEs的检测技术,详述了不同环境介质OPEs的前处理方法。结果表明,目前固相萃取(SPE)和固相微萃取(SPME)仍是水样前处理的主要方法;对于固体样品,加速溶剂萃取/加压液相萃取(ASE/PLE)和微波辅助萃取(MAE)应用较多;虽然大气样品仍以固体吸附剂方式为主,但已向在线一体化方向发展;而生物样品的前处理方法多与水样和固体样品方法相似;但是对于复杂环境介质中OPEs样品的前处理较为困难,方法有待改善;气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)对弱极性和易挥发的OPEs分析效果好,而强极性和难挥发的OPEs多用液相色谱-质谱联用(LCMS);气相色谱-质谱串联(GC-MS/MS)、液相色谱-质谱串联(LC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱-质谱串联(UPLC-MS/MS)等对多种复杂的环境介质中的OPEs均有较好的检测分析效果,但并未普及。最后,对OPEs分析测试方法的发展趋势提出了展望。 相似文献
124.
In the current paper, we studied downtime at work. Downtime represents a unique aspect of work time, as employees have low workload and more discretion about their activities but are still paid to be at work. Despite its prevalence and potentially significant implications for productivity and well‐being, the experience of downtime has not been a focus in the literature. To study this phenomenon, we first used a qualitative method involving 15 focus groups. Results from 95 employees showed that downtime is distinct from formal breaks and withdrawal behavior and is generally a negative subjective experience. Categories of antecedents of experience and downtime activities were classified. Next, to further explore the phenomenon, and based on Study 1 and relevant literature, we proposed several hypotheses and tested them using an experience sampling method. Results from 86 employees (across 5 workdays and 689 data points) indicated that the amount of downtime was negatively related to day level job satisfaction, job performance, and subjective health. The duration of relaxation activities during downtime mitigated the negative effects of downtime on fatigue. The effects of enjoyment level of the activities, job autonomy, work engagement, and boredom proneness were also examined. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed. 相似文献
125.
何丽芳 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2002,(2)
高职旅游管理专业教学改革的方向是:采用启发式教学,推动参与式教学,引进模拟教学,加强电化教学和把有实践经验的旅游专业人员请进课堂教学. 相似文献
126.
The evolution of non-maternal caretaking among anthropoid primates: do helpers help? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Non-maternal infant care among nonhuman primates has frequently been investigated from the perspective of the caretaker.
Here we examine whether allocaretaking behavior provides direct reproductive benefits to mothers. Comparative analyses that
control for the effects of allometry and phylogeny reveal that allocaretaking behavior correlates with relatively fast infant
growth and reproduction, but is not associated with the production of large infants. These results are consistent with those
from studies of other taxa; primate helpers appear to increase the reproductive success of female breeders. In addition, our
findings contrast with those derived from traditional allometric analyses and underscore the importance of controlling for
the potentially confounding effects of phylogeny in comparative analyses.
Received: 28 May 1996 / Accepted after revision: 16 November 1996 相似文献
127.
128.
Elasmobranch stock assessment studies are usually made through fisheries surveys data. However, in large marine protected
areas (MPAs) the use of destructive techniques must be dismissed in order to avoid population impacts. In 2005, while conducting
a marine habitat survey in two marine Special Areas of Conservation (Sebadales de Playa de Inglés and Franja Marina de Mogán)
in south Gran Canary Island (Canary Islands, Spain) with underwater towed video (UTV) and underwater visual census (UVC) transects,
we recognized the opportunity rose to assess elasmobranch populations through UTV. Number of observed species and specimens,
overall field work effort and total surveyed area were determined and compared between methods. Mean observations per day
per unit of time (MOPUT) and mean observations per day per unit of surveyed area (MOPUA) were also compared through Mann–Whitney
rank sum statistical test (α = 0.05). Data analysis demonstrated that UTV is a very useful tool to rapidly assess elasmobranch
populations in large MPAs in good visibility underwater environments. It can assess larger areas than UVC with the same effort
(statistically significant difference found for the MOPUT; p =< 0.001), leading to more observed species (5 vs 2) and specimens (46 vs 3) per day of work, with no loss in resolution power (MOPUA values were not significantly different between UTV and UVC;
p = 0.104). 相似文献
129.
本文提出了两个治理印染废水的综合物化流程:(1)SE—J型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→次氯酸钙氧化→炉渣吸附;(2)SE—型絮凝剂絮凝→气浮→活性炭吸附,并对每个处理过程进行了条件实验。实验结果表明:废水经流程(1)处理后,COD去除率达82—87%,色度去除率达88—92%,废水经流程(2)处理后,COD去除率达89—92%,色度去除率达97—98%。经两个流程处理后的出水水质分别接近或达到国家排放标准。 相似文献
130.