阻燃纺织品的生产现状及发展趋势

回顾了阻燃纺织品的发展历程,并预测了未来发展的趋势。扼要介绍了阻燃纤维和阻燃织物的研究现状和研究热点;论述了阻燃技术的进展;提出了开发新阻燃纺织品的思路     

美国环境监测QA/QC的进展及对我们的启示

本文着重介绍质量保证与质量控制在环境监测中(特别是有机物监测中)应用的意义。美国环境保护部门对质量保证与质量控制是如何认识和行动的,我国环境保护部门对质量保证与质量控制的认识,以及本文作者分别就自己的经验谈对QA/QC的体会,和在监测科研中对我国各级环境监测实验室推行QA/QC的建议。      

我国生态环境监测标准现状、问题及建议

简述了我国生态环境监测标准的基本情况、分类及数量占比。分析了生态环境监测标准制修订过程中存在的问题,包括:配套环境监管存在缺项、对生态环境保护专项支撑不够、标准更新不及时、标准效力受限、同一目标物质的多种监测方法缺乏等效性评价、标准制修订周期较长、生物和生态遥感监测标准薄弱等。提出了加快标准制修订工作进度、建立评估复审机制和基准方法体系、加强新污染物监测科学研究等工作建议。     

A critical review of a key Waste Strategy Initiative in England: Zero Waste Places Projects 2008-2009

In 2007, in England, the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) published Waste Strategy 2007 for England. To help drive the required behaviour change for increased sustainable practice the Government in England signalled up in the Strategy the intention to launch a Zero Waste Places (ZWP) initiative to develop innovative and exemplary practice. By inviting places (including cities, towns and rural communities) to bid for ZWP status, the successful applicants were then expected to become exemplars of good environmental practice on all waste issues. The ZWP programme commenced in October 2008 with the selection of 6 distinct places based upon an application by a partnership containing a Local Authority or in one case a Regional Development Agency. The places ranged in size from the very small (one street of 201 properties) to a Region of England (5 million population). These 6 were chosen from an initial list of 12 applicants via a rigorous selection process against fixed criteria that were designed to support Zero Waste practice. The funding was £70,258 and the mean was £11,709. The overall assessment suggests that the Local Authorities and their project partners rose to the challenge of zero waste and in most cases met or even exceeded their objectives (meeting at least 80% of aims and planned actions) and achieved high value for money in terms of Government funded initiatives. Evaluation suggested that there is a requirement to link, in the future, ZWP initiatives with other recent developments such as Transition Towns, Eco-Town and Total Place developments within Local Authorities. A Certificated Standard for ZWP was developed and is perceived as being both useful and valuable and it is hoped that it will spur a large number of new ZWP applications.     

ISO14040生命周期评价概述

从生命周期评价的定义入手，阐述了生命周期评价的框架，原则及主要内容。     

Design standards for product end-of-life processing

In 2006, the British Standards Institute (BSI) published BS 8887-1 ‘Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End-of-life processing’ (MADE) subtitled ‘General Concepts, Processes and Requirements’. This was the first British Standard to address design for efficient post-consumer product reprocessing. By designing and planning for remanufacture, much of the embodied energy and production investment can be retrieved after the consumer no longer requires the original item. Therefore, end-of-life products become an asset rather than a liability. Design for disassembly facilitates efficient deconstruction and thus enables materials to be recycled with minimal loss of purity, thus maximising their value. The analysis presented here is based on the Standard Industrial Classification codes of companies and organisations that have purchased BS 8887-1. These data are considered in relation to the influence of environmental legislation. Company age, size and location, as well as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications, are discussed. This paper concludes by suggesting suitable directions for the continued distribution and development of this environmentally, economically and socially beneficial standard.     

工业甲醛生产节能的基本途径

甲醛生产在化学工业生产中属于能耗较多的产品之一，回收甲醛生产过程中的化学反应热量不但节省大量能源，对于降低甲醛生产成本，改善生产环境都具有现实意义。     

论职业安全卫生管理体系的基本原理

职业安全卫生管理体系的系统化模式是基于自然科学和社会科学系统理论中的四方面要素 :输入、过程、输出、反馈 ;系统管理的 PDCA循环管理模式是职业安全卫生管理体系应采用的运行模式 ;职业安全卫生管理体系所包含的核心内容是系统安全的基本思想 ;职业安全卫生管理体系标准分为规范、指南两类。     

PORS-15 COD便携式光谱测定仪在各种废水测定中的适用性

本文用PORS-15便携式光谱测定仪对齐齐哈尔市5个不同行业废水中的COD进行了测定。并以标准回流法与之进行对比实验,经一致性t检验,两种方法并无显著性差异。实验证明利用PORS-15 COD便携式光谱测定仪测定不同行业与区域的废水具有很好的适用性。     

韩国地表水水质标准研究与启示

韩国现行地表水水质标准由保护人体健康的水质标准和保护生态环境的水质标准两部分组成。采用风险评价的方法制定有毒物质的水质标准,并根据美国EPA推导环境水质基准的公式,对制定水质基准的方法进行了改进。韩国环境部计划于2015年将水质标准扩展到30种化学物质,同时将推导得出的生态风险基准纳入水质标准,旨在推进我国地表水水质标准的制订与完善。