Work environment risk factors for injuries in wood processing

Problem

The reported injury rate for wood product manufacturing in Maine, 1987-2004, was almost twice the state-wide average for all jobs. Method: A case-control study was conducted in wood processing plants to determine preventable risk factors for injury. A total of 157 cases with injuries reported to workers' compensation and 251 controls were interviewed. Results: In multivariable analyses, variables associated with injury risk were high physical workload, machine-paced work or inability to take a break, lack of training, absence of a lockout/tagout program, low seniority, and male gender. Different subsets of these variables were significant when acute incidents and overexertions were analyzed separately and when all injuries were stratified by industry sub-sector. Impact on industry: Generalizability may be limited somewhat by non-representative participation of workplaces and individuals. Nevertheless, these findings provide evidence that many workplace injuries occurring in wood processing could be prevented by application of ergonomics principles and improved work organization.     

Enantiomer fractions of chiral organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in standard and certified reference materials

Enantiomeric ratios (ERs) and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of a number of chiral organochlorine pesticides and PCB atropisomers were measured by chiral gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in five standard (SRM) and certified (CRM) reference materials: SRM 1588a (organics in cod liver oil), SRM 1945 (organics in whale blubber), Marine Mammal Quality Assurance Exercise Control Material IV (NIST IV, organics in whale blubber), CRM trout, and CRM EC-5 (sediment). Target analytes were cis- and trans-chlordane, heptachlor exo-epoxide, oxychlordane, U82, MC5, MC6, MC7, o,p^′-DDT, and PCB congeners 91, 95, 136, 149, 174, 176, and 183. Measured ERs and EFs are in close agreement with the few literature values reported for some of these analytes in SRMs and CRMs. Chiral PCB ERs and EFs measured by one-dimensional chiral GC/MS were similar to values measured using multidimensional chiral GC/MS. Non-racemic chiral compositions are in agreement with known uptake and biotransformation in the respective environmental matrices. These values should aid in the quality assurance/quality control methodologies for chiral environmental chemistry using standardized reference materials.     

中国地表水环境质量标准研究

《地表水环境质量标准》是水环境管理的尺度,在推动我国水污染防治、公众健康与水生态安全保障等方面发挥着十分重要的作用.随着我国进入生态文明建设新阶段,水环境保护和社会经济发展形势发生深刻变化,如何与时俱进,及时修订丰富现行标准成为迫在眉睫的问题.全面剖析了我国现行GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》修订历程、修订依据、重要贡献、存在问题及国家需求,结合国际标准发展趋势和我国社会发展阶段,提出未来将《地表水环境质量标准》由单项标准向系列标准转变的修订思路框架.初步阐述了由系列标准构成的“1+N”的标准体系框架,其中,“1”是地表水环境质量基本项目标准,用于判断地表水环境质量的优劣程度,反映水环境功能的基本水质要求;“N”是不同的特定保护项目标准,包括保护水生生物的有毒有害污染物项目水质标准、地表饮用水源地水质标准、湖泊营养物状态评价标准以及地表水水生物状况评价标准,并提出了各分标准的相关制修订方案.      

基于Copula函数的茶园土壤铜锌空间协同效应研究

揭示茶园土壤Cu、Zn空间协同效应对有效预防和治理土壤Cu、Zn污染,保障茶叶品质具有十分重要的作用。论文以江浙两地典型茶叶种植区为研究区,运用Copula函数对土壤Cu、Zn含量协同关系进行模拟、Kriging/IDW插值法进行空间估计、标准差椭圆模型进行空间效应分析。结果表明：1）研究区茶园土壤Cu、Zn含量二元频率直方图呈“J”型,具有上尾相关、下尾渐近独立的特征,其上尾相关系数λup及Kendall、Spearman秩相关系数分别为0.345 4、0.273 5、0.396 0,表明二者具有显著的正向相关性,建议加强土壤Cu、Zn含量监测,提升预警,避免复合污染;2）土壤Cu、Zn含量整体水平协同程度较高,局部因不同主导因子影响协同程度较低,应强化土壤Cu、Zn污染全域协同治理及局地因情施策的效果;3）Copula函数、Kriging/IDW估计以及标准差椭圆模型测算结果能相互印证,3种方法结合可更全面客观地反映两者的空间协同效应,为土壤Cu、Zn污染防治提供参考依据。     

美国环境监测五大标准分析方法系列特点

着重介绍了美国环保局(EPA)开发的五套环境监测标准分析方法系列:EPA600,EPA500,CLP,EPASW-846,EPA200的要点,并简要评述了其特点,这些代表美国环境科学技术最新成就的方法系列应当为我们参考和借鉴.     

区域环境噪声标准适用区域划分的定量化

根据国家环保局关于区域环境噪声环境划分的规定，提出了区域环境噪声标准定量化划分的模型，该模型综合了自然因素和噪声污染因素，模型在南通市区域环境噪声标准划分中得到了验证。     

对GB P T 18883- 20025室内空气质量标准6的几点看法

介绍了GB P T 18883- 2002 5室内空气质量标准6的特点, 对标准强制执行的实施主体、项目 间的相关性和可操作性进行了讨论。     

全国重点城市空气自动监测系统质量考核中质量控制的探讨

详细介绍了武汉市环境监测中心站在质量考核中所采用的实验方法,并对考核中出现的若干质量问题进行分析,供交流与探讨。     

亚硝酸盐氮标准溶液的稳定性试验

ＧＢ７４９３－８７认为：１．００ｍｇ／Ｌ亚硝酸盐氮标准溶液在使用时，应当天配制。现经５０天试验证明，该溶液置于２０℃以下比较稳定。     

秸秆成型燃料棒替代普通燃煤在0.8 t/h锅炉应用性试验

采用新研制开发的秸秆成型燃料棒与普通燃煤在基本相同的条件下进行对比试验，结果表明在0.8t／h工业锅炉上燃用相等量秸秆成型燃料棒与普通燃煤时锅炉的出力相当，而烟气污染物排放浓度远低于国家排放标准的限值。