Application of the Red‐List Index at a National Level for Multiple Species Groups

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI) is recognized as one of the key indicators of trends in the status of species. The red‐list assessment done by Finnish authorities of species in Finland is taxonomically one of the most extensive national assessments. We used the Finnish Red Lists from 2000 and 2010 to calculate for the first time the national RLIs for 11 taxonomic groups at different trophic levels and with different life cycles. The red‐list index is calculated on the basis of changes in red‐list categories and indicates trends in the status of biological diversity of sets of species. The RLI value ranges from 0 to 1. The lower the value the faster the set of species is heading toward extinction. If the value is 1, all species in the set are least concern and if the value is 0, all species are (regionally) extinct. The overall RLI of Finnish species decreased. This means that, in Finland, these taxonomic groups were heading toward extinction faster in 2010 than in 2000. Of the analyzed groups of organisms, RLIs of 5 decreased and RLIs of 6 increased. At the national level, the RLIs and status trends varied markedly between species groups. Thus, we concluded that generalizations on the basis of RLIs of a few taxa only may yield a biased view of ongoing trends in the status of biological diversity at the species level. In addition, one overall RLI that includes many different species groups may also be misleading if variation in RLI among species groups is not considered and if RLI values are not presented separately for each group. Aplicación del Índice de la Lista Roja a Nivel Nacional para Grupos de Especies Múltiples     

住宅小区人居环境评价指标体系的建立及应用——以常州市为例

根据我国工业城市住宅小区的实际情况,提出了具有4个层次的住宅小区人居环境评价指标体系,其中,一级指标包括住区自然环境、住区生态环境和室内环境,最底层指标有24个。利用统计分析法(Delphi)确定各指标的权值。根据该评价指标体系,采用科学的监测、调查分析方法,对常州市5个目标小区进行了多角度、多层次的监测调查分析。最终得出5个小区的评价结果,为城市规划和改善城市人居环境提供现状基础和技术支持。     

基于Sentinel-2数据的苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区植被生长状况遥感监测评估

利用2021—2022年Sentinel-2卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪（MSI）遥感数据，通过SNAP遥感软件提供的植被生物物理参数处理模块（Biophysical Processor），反演了苏州消夏湾生态安全缓冲区的5种植被生物物理参数，包括植被吸收光合有效辐射比例（FAPAR）、植被覆盖度（FVC）、叶面积指数（LAI）、冠层叶绿素含量（CCC）和冠层含水量（CWC），开展植被生态环境监测评估研究。结果表明，该生态安全缓冲区2021年建成并投入运行后，植被覆盖度和生物量有所增加，区域植被冠层结构有所改善，植被生物物理参数从一定的角度反映了消夏湾生态安全缓冲区发挥了生态涵养成效。该研究方法能在大尺度上快捷、高效地反演植被生物物理参数，可为通过植被遥感动态监测评估生态安全缓冲区的生态功能提供有益的借鉴。     

工业企业集聚区周边土壤环境质量综合评价指标体系与分区管理对策研究

土壤环境质量综合评价指标体系是识别土壤环境污染、指导土壤环境管理及开发利用的有效工具。在土壤环境质量评价方法和国内外标准分析的基础上,提出了建立土壤环境质量综合评价指标体系的基本框架;结合"压力-状态-响应"模型(PSR模型),考虑不同工业区特征污染物,建立了包含通用指标和备选指标的土壤环境质量综合评价指标体系。以此评价指标体系为导向,为指导不同类型工业集聚区科学发展提出了工业区周边土壤环境质量分区管理的对策建议。     

区域低碳交通评价模型研究

在中国机动车快速增长的前提下,低碳交通运输是实现节能减排、发展低碳经济的重要组成部分。借鉴戴利的消费和福利绩效公式,基于导向性、数据可获性与可比性等基本原则,构建区域低碳交通评价指标体系,该体系包括低碳交通能效指标和低碳交通运营指标。基于灰关联分析法和模糊数学方法,建立区域低碳交通模糊评价模型。最后,对江苏2010年的低碳交通发展水平进行评价,结果表明,该年江苏低碳交通发展水平为"良",今后发展的重点在于大力发展城市轨道交通、积极开展低碳公路建设、开展碳税制度和优化公交体系等。     

国家天然气安全评价指标体系的构建与应用

围绕如何测度并改善天然气安全这一核心议题,引入并修正了APERC能源安全“4A”分析框架,运用层次分析法与德尔斐法,构建了天然气安全评价指标体系,对主要天然气净进口国和净出口国的天然气安全状况进行了量化评估。评估发现：（1）天然气安全四维度（资源可利用性、经济可承受性、贸易可获得性与环境可接受性）的不可或缺性意味着综合表现优异的国家安全水平更高;（2）8个二级指标中,可采储量、个体可承受性等指标的权重更大;（3）天然气净出口国在资源可利用性、经济可承受性和贸易可获得性方面有优势,整体表现优于进口国。就中国而言,可从加快资源开发、完善市场机制、扩大进口渠道和提高资源利用效率四个方面提高天然气安全水平。     

贵阳市循环经济发展度量的研究

循环经济指标体系旨在度量区域循环经济发展的系统目标和工作进展。该文在“驱动力-压力-状态-响应”（DPSR）框架下设计度量区域循环经济发展的指标体系，含有状态指标、压力指标、驱动力指标、响应指标以及分离指标共5类指标集合。其中，分离指标集合作为循环经济的特征指标来表征经济发展与资源投入和污染产出分离的效果和趋势。考察贵阳循环经济规划案例表明：贵阳如果走循环经济的发展道路，可以转变经济增长方式，实现经济增长与资源投入和污染产出的分离。     

Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices

Global biodiversity indices are used to measure environmental change and progress toward conservation goals, yet few indices have been evaluated comprehensively for their capacity to detect trends of interest, such as declines in threatened species or ecosystem function. Using a structured approach based on decision science, we qualitatively evaluated 9 indices commonly used to track biodiversity at global and regional scales against 5 criteria relating to objectives, design, behavior, incorporation of uncertainty, and constraints (e.g., costs and data availability). Evaluation was based on reference literature for indices available at the time of assessment. We identified 4 key gaps in indices assessed: pathways to achieving goals (means objectives) were not always clear or relevant to desired outcomes (fundamental objectives); index testing and understanding of expected behavior was often lacking; uncertainty was seldom acknowledged or accounted for; and costs of implementation were seldom considered. These gaps may render indices inadequate in certain decision-making contexts and are problematic for indices linked with biodiversity targets and sustainability goals. Ensuring that index objectives are clear and their design is underpinned by a model of relevant processes are crucial in addressing the gaps identified by our assessment. Uptake and productive use of indices will be improved if index performance is tested rigorously and assumptions and uncertainties are clearly communicated to end users. This will increase index accuracy and value in tracking biodiversity change and supporting national and global policy decisions, such as the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.     

建立空气质量综合评价指数的探讨

分析了空气污染指数(API)系统在评价空气污染水平中的不足，提出了在原API系统基础上进行指标拓展，增加能见度和PM2.5评价指标，建立空气质量综合评价指数（AQI）；分析了扬州市区PM2.5和能见度在雾霾日及正常日的百分位分布，确定了PM2.5和能见度分级值，并利用扬州市区环境空气质量监测数据进行了验证。     

Potential impact model to assess agricultural pressure to landscape ecological functions

Conservation and protection of soil and water resources and visual aspects of landscape, as well as the promotion of biodiversity, are some of the central tasks of environmental policy development and social politics in the future. One of the main questions is: ‘which agricultural systems are able to guarantee sustained resource-conserving land use?’ Based on the ecological risk concepts of the 1970s and 1980s, a potential impact model was developed using a universal assessment algorithm derived from fuzzy logic. The model estimated the potential impact of agricultural land use on ecosystem function using a few resource indicators. Intervention intensities of agricultural land-use are set in relation to site conditions and aggregated for each of several defined potential impact categories. The interpretation with respect to risk and the calculation of potential impact values are explained.