Persistent of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Green Lip Mussel (Perna Viridis) From Marine Estuaries in Thailand

Thailand has benefited from the availability of pest control chemicals for improving agricultural products and in public health like any other developing countries. in order to understand the distribution and contamination in the Gulf of Thailand, a Mussel Watch programme has been set up to monitor trace toxic substances of organochlorine pesticides along the Gulf of Thailand since 1989.

This paper focuses on the concentration of organochlorine pesticides in green lip mussels (Perna viridis) during 1989 to 1996. the mussel samples were used as a biological indicator and analyzed for 23 organochlorine compounds. the highest frequencies of organochlorine pesticide residues in Thailand were found in aldrin, dieldrin and DDTs in all samples and the highest concentration of DDT-isomer were p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT during 1989-1990 and 1991. the p,p'-DDE was only found during 1993-1995.

In 1996 the level of the DDT isomer (o,p-DDE) were found in the range of 11-16ppb(ngg^-1 wet weight), HCH isomer (a-HCH) was found ND -1.6ppb(ngg^-1 wet weight) and cis-chlordane found at ND - 3.4 ppb(ngg^-1 wet weight). Other organoichlorine pesticide compounds such as dieldrin, heptachlor, aldrin, endrin and endosulfan isomers were not detected. the detection limit of all organochlorine compounds were 1.3-8.2ppb(ngg^-1 wet weight). Trends of organochlorine pesticide residue in this area were found differently from the previous data during 1989-1991.     

浅析含油污泥处理中石油烃控制指标

石油烃含量是含油污泥处理中必不可少的重要控制指标。文章分析了含油污泥中石油烃组成及主要污染控制要求,介绍了国内外含油污泥处置对石油烃含量的控制现状;依据危险废物鉴别标准的相关规定,以及对原油中芳香族化合物及其多环芳烃含量的研究成果,对采用石油烃指标进行危险废物鉴别做了推论计算。结果认为:含油污泥等固体废物及其处理残余物的石油烃含量≤0.25%,不属于危险废物;石油烃含量介于0.25%～1.7%时,其是否属于危险废物,最终需要进行危险废物鉴别而确定;石油烃含量1.7%,则属于危险废物。     

Heavy Metal Distribution in Valley Sediments in Wadi Al-Karak Catchment Area, South Jordan

Valley sediments samples collected from the major and minor valleys of Al-Karak catchment area (southern Jordan) were leached with hot dilute HCl and analysed for their heavy metals content. The results of leachable metal concentrations indicated the absence of anomalous values for metal occurrences. However, appreciable contamination of the sediments with Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr was observed. Using an index of pollution the extent of contamination was better delineated. The geographical distribution of the samples showed higher Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations mainly around heavily inhabited areas indicating an anthropogenic source of contamination. Lithological influence indicated from the anomalies of Fe and Mn was found to be very low.     

基于层次模糊综合评价的安全标准化成熟度评价

为了实现对轧钢企业安全生产标准化体系的系统性分析与评估,并为企业的安全标准化体系提供一条分级提升的路径,基于过程改进的原理,将安全标准化体系发展水平分为5个等级,构建安全标准化体系成熟度模型。对轧钢企业安全标准化评分标准进行整合,建立评价指标体系、确定指标权重。通过调查问卷确定成熟度的隶属度,根据单因素评价指标结果绘制柱状图,分析影响轧钢企业安全标准化成熟度的主要因素。采用层次模糊综合评价法,量化评估企业安全标准化成熟度。结果表明,该模型的评价结论与该企业实际情况吻合度较高。     

Winter survival of microbial contaminants in soil: An in situ verification

The aim of the research was to evaluate, at site scale, the influence of freezing and freeze/ thaw cycles on the survival of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci in soil, in a climate change perspective. Before the winter period and during grazing, viable cells of faecal coliforms and faecal enterococci were detected only in the first 10 cm below ground, while, after the winter period and before the new seasonal grazing, a lower number of viable cells of both faecal indicators was detected only in some of the investigated soil profiles, and within the first 5 cm. Taking into consideration the results of specific investigations, we hypothesise that the non-uniform spatial distribution of grass roots within the studied soil can play an important role in influencing this phenomenon, while several abiotic factors do not play any significant role. Taking into account the local trend in the increase of air temperature, a different distribution of microbial pollution over time is expected in spring waters, in future climate scenarios. The progressive increase in air temperature will cause a progressive decrease in freeze/thaw cycles at higher altitudes, minimising cold shocks on microbial cells, and causing spring water pollution also during winter.     

基于模糊综合评价法的污水处理行业绩效评价研究

为弥补污水处理行业绩效评价方法的空白,从污水处理行业发展模型出发,构建了污水处理行业绩效评价指标体系,包含行业发展外部环境和行业现状与效益两个指标体系,采用层次分析法确定了指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法对2009年-2011年国内污水处理行业开展了绩效评价研究.评价结果表明,2009年-2011年期间,污水处理行业绩效越来越好,但仍有发展的空间,为进一步提高行业绩效,未来应在加大污染治理投资、做好污水处理设施与城镇建设的同步发展、加大技术研发投入等方面采用强有力的措施.     

过程安全管理关键要素——测量和指标探讨

介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。     

渤海湾海域10种鱼类中二（口恶）英类及指示性多氯联苯的污染特征研究及风险评价

多氯联苯(PCBs)具有高毒性和生物蓄积性,是列入公约优先控制的持久性有机污染物之一.多氯联苯在水生食物链中蓄积,同时人类食用鱼肉会对人体健康产生一定影响.近渤海地区具有焚烧、钢铁冶炼及水泥等PCBs非故意潜在排放源,而对此区域PCBs产生的环境污染及造成的人体健康效应的研究较少.本研究利用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)首次对近渤海地区10种不同鱼类中的二噁英类多氯联苯(dl-PCBs)和指示性PCBs进行了分析.12种dl-PCBs的含量(以湿重计)为28.9~1067.6 pg·g-1,其中PCB-118和PCB-105是主要贡献单体,贡献率分别是41%~56%和15%~21%.指示性PCBs的浓度范围是185.5~8371.7 pg·g-1,其中PCB-153和PCB-138是主要的贡献单体,贡献率分别是27%和22%.与国内外其他海域的研究相比,近渤海区海水鱼中PCBs残留量处于较低水平,对人体产生健康风险比较小.     

石油安全指标体系与综合评价

为科学评价我国石油安全的程度,从国内资源禀赋、国内生产能力、国际市场可得性和国家应急保障能力等4个方面,设计了石油安全评价指标体系。采用德尔菲法、主成分分析法,选取储采比、储量替代率、石油消费对外依存度、石油进口集中度、国际原油价格和国内石油储备水平等6个个指标,构成一个新的综合指标:石油安全度,用其对我国石油安全形势进行定量评价。将石油安全度的安全警戒划分为五级:I级1～0.8,基本安全;II级0.8～0.6,弱安全;III级0.6～0.4,不安全;Ⅳ级0.4～0.2,很不安全;V级0.2以下,严重不安全。1993-2004年,我国石油安全度为0.54～0.75,处于弱安全到不安全之间。