Migratory pastoralism is an adaptation to a harsh and unstable environment, and pastoral herders have traditionally adapted to environmental and climatic change by building on their in-depth knowledge of this environment. In the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, and particularly in the arid and semiarid areas of northern Pakistan, pastoralism, the main livelihood, is vulnerable to climate change. Little detailed information is available about climate trends and impacts in remote mountain regions; herders’ perceptions of climate change can provide the information needed by policy makers to address problems and make decisions on adaptive strategies in high pastoral areas. A survey was conducted in Gilgit–Baltistan province of Pakistan to assess herders’ perceptions of, and adaptation strategies to climate change. Herders’ perceptions were gathered in individual interviews and focus group discussions. The herders perceived a change in climate over the past 10–15 years with longer and more intense droughts in summer, more frequent and heavier snowfall in winter, and prolonged summers and relatively shorter winters. These perceptions were validated by published scientific evidence. The herders considered that the change in climate had directly impacted pastures and then livestock by changing vegetation composition and reducing forage yield. They had adopted some adaptive strategies in response to the change such as altering the migration pattern and diversifying livelihoods. The findings show that the herder communities have practical lessons and indigenous knowledge related to rangeland management and adaptation to climate change that should be shared with the scientific community and integrated into development planning. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over the last few decades, the globe is facing tremendous effects due to the unnecessary piling of municipal solid waste among which food waste holds... 相似文献
Metal binding and release by solid humic acids (HAs) in soils and sediments can affect metal mobility and bioavailability. Isotherms for tight binding of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cu(II) by a solid humic acid at pH2.0 fit the Langmuir binding model. Low pH was chosen to protonate the HA carboxylate groups and avoid metal cation hydrolysis. Binding of Fe(III), Pb(II) and Cu(II) occurs in one detectable step labeled A. Site capacities nu(A) are temperature-independent from 10.0 to 40.0 degrees C and point to binding by charge-neutralization to form solid complexes M(OOC-R)(n)(s), where n appears to be 2 for Pb(II) and 3 for Fe(III). Thermodynamic data pairs (DeltaH(A), DeltaS(A)) for metal binding are linearly correlated with previous data for Ca(II), Co(II) and Mg(II) binding by solid HAs. 相似文献
Food and Environmental Virology - Acute hepatitis A is a self-limited liver inflammation caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The infection is transmitted by direct contact from person to... 相似文献
The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of lead toxicity on the growth parameters of spinach and the performance of lead-resistant bacterial isolates under lead stress conditions. Out of four bacterial isolates selected for this study, only two isolates AMB-CD-2 and AMB-CD-4 were selected based on their lead tolerance ability. A polybag experiment was conducted with six treatments and four replications in spinach. The treatments included T1 (RDF + control), T2 (lead acetate), T3 (AMB-CD-2 + lead), T4 (AMB-CD-4 + lead), T5 (AMB-CD-2), and T6 (AMB-CD-4). Results showed that lead contamination significantly decreased plant growth parameters, particularly in the treatment T2 (lead acetate) when compared with other treatments. Similarly, reduced uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) was recorded in T2. Inoculation with lead-resistant bacteria, AMB-CD-2, significantly improved plant growth parameters (plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root length). The uptake of NPK was higher in T5 (AMB-CD-2) in the absence of lead by approximately 0.81%, 0.37%, and 0.42% than in the control, respectively. Through atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis, the lead concentration in treatment T2 (control) was about 3.20 mg/g while in treatment T3 (AMB-CD-2 + lead) it was about 1.32 ppm. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that AMB-CD-2 resembles Brevibacillus parabrevis. The results demonstrate that the lead-resistant bacteria B. parabrevis AMB-CD-2 showed a significant lead reduction of approximately 58.75% compared to the control. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Clinacanthus nutans dichloromethane fraction (CN-Dcm) extract has previously been proven to suppress breast cancer (MCF7) cell proliferation. Despite... 相似文献
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The present study examined greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land usage, cost of land use, and health risk exposure to non-methane volatile organic... 相似文献
Food and Environmental Virology - Salmonella contamination is a critical problem in poultry farms, with serious consequences for both animals and food products. The aim of this study is to... 相似文献
The rising occurrence of emerging contaminants in sludges both inhibits the anaerobic digestion of sludges and induces health issues when sludges are recycled in agriculture, calling for methods to remove contaminants. Here we review emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, before and after anaerobic digestion. We present their inhibitory effects and remediation methods to alleviate inhibition. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in about 50% of the sludge samples. Sewage sludge contaminants include 19% of diuretics, 16–21% of lipid-modifying agents, hydrochlorothiazide, diclofenac, furosemide, clarithromycin, atorvastatin, and carbamazepine. Levels of antibiotics, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and estrone range from 500 to 600 ng/g in sludges from wastewater treatment plants. Remediation methods comprise electrooxidation, ultrasonication, thermal hydrolysis, ozonation, and bioaugmentation. Fermenting the sludges with acidogenic bacteria reduces the level of emerging pollutants in the supernatant. Nonetheless, liquid digestates still contains emerging pollutants such as sunscreen octocrylene at 147 ug/L and acetaminophen at 58.6 ug/L. As a result, pretreatment of sludge containing emerging pollutants is required.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Thermochemical conversions of the combustible components of municipal solid waste (MSW) minimize the emissions and net effects of greenhouse gas... 相似文献