库滨带土壤释氮负荷模型的构建与田间尺度模拟分析

岸边带生态系统对氮元素的去除机理主要包括化学释放含氮气体过程.植物吸收过程和泥沙截留3方面.其中,土壤反硝化释氮是岸边带系统最为重要的生态功能之一.因此,建立适当的岸边带土壤释氮模型(包括土壤反硝化、硝化和氨挥发过程),对准确评估岸边带生态功能和构建合理的岸边带生态系统具有重要意义.本研究依据岸边带去氮机埋,参照已有的土壤释氮模型研究成果,构建了适用于水库库滨带土壤特性的土壤释氮速率估算模型(简称土壤释氮模型),并以官厅水库库滨带小区为研究对象,对水库库滨带土壤释氮特性进行模拟分析与验证.模型模拟结果表明,在监测期间(6～9月)土壤水分平均含量分别为16.6%、37.3%、43.9%和55.2%的情况下,土壤反硝化释氮速率分别为0、(102.1±59.3)、(169.3±87.6)和(203.2±119.6)mg·m-2·d-1(以N计);硝化速率分别为(233.3±121.4)、(177.9 ±69.3)、(187.7±75.0)和(166.7 ±121.9)mg·m-2· d-1(以N计);氨挥发速率分别为(3.00±1.13)、(2.64±1.01)、(2.76 ±1.04)和(2.51±1.89)mg·m-2·d-1(以N计);总释氮量分别为1.18、33.64、92.50和65.74g(以N计).同时,结合同步监测的实验数据,应用总量平衡法对模拟结果进行了验证.验证结果表明,实验小区土壤释氮量模拟值与实验值的决定系数(R2)为0.83,证明了该模型可有效地应用于水库库滨带区域.     

Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach （Misgurnus anguiUicaudatus）

To understand potential ecotoxicological e ects of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) recycling and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) bioaccumulation in loaches, a semi-field experiment using Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) as experimental fish was performed. Larval loaches were kept in net-cage for three months in an e-wastes recycling site and a reference site in Southeastern China. There was significant di erence of the survival rate between the loaches from the e-wastes recycling site (27%, 19/70) and from reference site (70%, 49/70). Histopathological responses were also found in all the livers examined in loaches from the e-wastes recycling site. These results showed that mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling led to ecotoxicological e ects on loaches. The bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the main pollutants in e-waste, in loaches was also studied, the mean concentration of total PBDEs in sediment was 6726.17 ng/g wet weight and in water samples was 4.08 ng/L (dissolved phase). BDE 209 was the dominant congener in sediment and with relatively high concentration in water. Relatively low concentration of BDE 209 (less than 0.01% of total PBDEs) and high concentration of BDE47 (up to 39.34% of total PBDEs) were detected in loaches.     

过氧化氢驱动亚铁氧化对施氏矿形成及其吸附As(V)行为的影响研究

酸性矿山废水(Acid mine drainage,AMD)污染区域因pH较低、硫酸盐浓度较高易形成施氏矿,所形成的施氏矿拥有较大的比表面积和丰富的活性位点,是AMD中As的重要沉积库.施氏矿形成过程通常会因亚铁氧化速率变化呈现出不同的微观形貌和理化性质,影响As的迁移和形态转化.通过调控过氧化氢(H₂O₂)滴加方式(一次性添加、0.2 h·mL^-1和1 h·mL^-1)调控Fe(II)氧化速率,形成不同的施氏矿Sch1、Sch2和Sch3,在此基础上探究合成施氏矿结构特性及对As(V)的吸附行为.结果表明：随着H₂O₂滴加速率降低,Fe(II)氧化速率降低,所形成施氏矿的微观形貌从光滑转变为毛刺状晶须表面球形,颗粒粒径增大,比表面积大小顺序为Sch1-1)高于Sch1(118.9 mg·g^-1)和Sch3(130.3 mg·g<...     

Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

• A fine fibre (40–60 nm diameter) interlayer (~1 µm thickness) was electrospun. • Fine fibre interlayer promoted formation of defect-free dense polyamide layer. • FO membrane with dual-layer substrate had less organic fouling potential. • High reverse salt flux accelerated organic fouling on FO membrane. Nanofibre-supported forward osmosis (FO) membranes have gained popularity owing to their low structural parameters and high water flux. However, the nanofibrous membranes are less stable in long-term use, and their fouling behaviours with foulants in both feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is less studied. This study developed a nanofibrous thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane by designing a tiered dual-layer nanofibrous substrate to enhance membrane stability during long-term usage and cleaning. Various characterisation methods were used to study the effect of the electrospun nanofibre interlayer and drying time, which is the interval after removing the M-phenylenediamine (MPD) solution and before reacting with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solution, on the intrinsic separation FO performance. The separation performance of the dual-layer nanofibrous FO membranes was examined using model foulants (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin) in both the FS and DS. The dual-layer nanofibrous substrate was superior to the single-layer nanofibrous substrate and showed a flux of 30.2 L/m²/h (LMH) when using 1.5 mol/L NaCl against deionised (DI) water in the active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode. In the fouling test, the water flux was effectively improved without sacrificing the water/solute selectivity under the condition that foulants existed in both the FS and DS. In addition, the dual-layer nanofibrous TFC FO membrane was more robust during the fouling test and cleaning.     

钻井废液毒性检测与评价研究

以几种典型钻井液体系为研究对象,分别选用成熟可靠的检测方法对其生物毒性、化学毒性和重金属含量进行分析,结果表明:部分钻井废液具有一定生物和化学毒性,其中,磺化体系钻井液在生物毒性和化学毒性方面均超标,应重点加强管理;低密度无固相体系和磺化体系钻井液中Hg和Cr元素存在不同程度的超标。     

厌氧氨氧化生物滤池活性恢复试验研究

以生物滤池为反应器,以NH_4~+-N、NO_2-~-N的浓度变化为指标,对厌氧氨氧化菌种的活性恢复进行试验。结果表明:厌氧氨氧化菌种的活性恢复具有一定的稳定适应期,本试验条件下适应期为14d,24d即可完成活性恢复,NH_4~+-N、NO_2-~-N去除量比值为(1∶1.27)~(1∶1.32),接近厌氧氨氧化过程1∶1.31的理论值。     

Disproportionate variations in denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation across freshwater-oligohaline wetlands in Min River Estuary,Southeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Spatial and temporal variations in soil denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) across the freshwater-oligohaline wetlands in...     

Study on the stability of anaerobic digestion of food waste and the waste mushroom substrate based on SBR reactor and Netlogo simulation

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The combined anaerobic fermentation experiment of the waste mushroom substrate and food waste was carried out at 37 ± 1℃ in...     

Porous multifunctional phenylcarbamoylated-β-cyclodextrin polymers for rapid removal of aromatic organic pollutants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, polymers containing a large number of benzene rings and multiple functional groups were designed to remove aromatic organic pollutants....     

Effect of high temperatures on the magnetic susceptibility of loess

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal fires refer to fires generated by the self-combustion of coal seams, which have a maximum temperature of 1000 °C. Such fires can...