改性西瓜皮生物炭的制备及其对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附特性

以西瓜皮为原料,使用硫化铵[（NH₄）₂S]对其改性制备生物炭（MBC）,用于对Pb （Ⅱ）进行吸附.探究了溶液pH、吸附时间、吸附剂添加量、Pb （Ⅱ）初始质量浓度和离子强度等因素对Pb （Ⅱ）吸附效果的影响.结果表明,饱和吸附时间为5 h,吸附反应的最佳pH为6,当Pb （Ⅱ）初始质量浓度1000 mg·L^-1,吸附剂添加量为2.0 g·L^-1时,MBC对Pb （Ⅱ）的最大吸附量可达97.63 mg·g^-1,明显高于未改性西瓜皮生物炭（BC）对Pb （Ⅱ）的吸附量.改性西瓜皮生物炭对Pb （Ⅱ）的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和拟二级动力学模型,证明吸附以单分子层化学吸附为主.使用氢氧化钠溶液对吸附Pb （Ⅱ）之后的MBC进行解吸来研究MBC的可重复使用性,在第六次循环中吸附量仍达64.74 mg·g^-1.采用傅立叶转换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、氮吸附（BET）、扫描电镜-能谱分析（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位对吸附剂进行表征分析,发现吸附机制主要是MBC含氧和MBC含硫基团通过络合作用和沉淀作用来吸附Pb （Ⅱ）.因此,硫化铵改性西瓜皮生物炭可以作为一种高效的Pb （Ⅱ）吸附剂.     

Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with quaternary ammonium and its application for Cr(VI) and P(V) removal

Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.     

从低含硫尾渣中回收元素硫的研究

以硫酸烧渣强化酸浸提铁后的低含硫尾渣为原料,对硫化铵溶硫—热分解析硫的硫磺回收工艺进行了优化研究。分析了硫化铵浓度、液固比、溶解温度、溶解时间、热分解温度、分解时间对硫磺提取效果的影响。结果表明:硫化铵浓度1.17 mol/L,液固比10 mL/g,在25℃下振荡溶解5 min,100℃下热分解120 min,硫的溶浸率和析出率可分别达到97%和99%以上。此优化既可有效减少尾渣对环境的污染,又能实现资源再利用。     

复合添加剂对多孔粒状铵油炸药抗水性的影响

为提高多孔粒状铵油炸药的抗水性能,通过引入复合添加剂对柴油进行改性,利用界面张力仪和全自动流变仪,分析了表面活性剂对柴油-水及柴油-硝酸铵界面作用的影响和交联剂对柴油黏温特性的影响。结果表明,加入表面活性剂,柴油-水界面张力降低83.8%,柴油-硝酸铵界面张力也明显下降;加入交联剂36 h后柴油的平均黏度比普通柴油提高6.4倍;加入复合添加剂,多孔粒状铵油炸药中硝酸铵的平均溶失率从99%降低至65.3%,降低了33.7%,抗水性显著增强。通过线性回归组分配比与硝酸铵溶失率,确定硝酸铵、柴油、表面活性剂与交联剂的最佳配比为94.0∶5.0∶0.4∶0.6。复合添加剂与炸药其他组分的相容性较好,且爆炸性能优于普通多孔粒状铵油炸药。     

离子色谱-串联质谱法测定4类水质中7种极性有机磷

应用离子色谱-串联质谱法(IC-MS/MS)同时测定了地下水、地表水、生活污水和工业废水等4类水质中的草甘膦、草铵膦、氨甲基膦酸、杀木膦、乙烯利、双甘膦和增甘膦.这7种有机磷极性和水溶性强,用常规气相或液相的方法需要经衍生化后才能测定,且要严格控制前处理条件.该法水样用微孔滤膜和离子净化柱过滤后直接进样,经Ion Pa...     

电子束烟气脱硫技术工业示范工程进展

处理成都电厂２００ＭＷ机组锅炉的３０万Ｎｍ３／ｈ烟气。它是目前世界上已投入运行的处理烟气量最大的电子束脱硫装置。其脱硫率及脱硝率均超过８０％及１０％的设计值,各项运行消耗指标均低于设计值。处理过程为干法,无废水废渣,副产品硫（硝）铵可用作化肥。该装置的自动化程度较高,操作简便,对烟气ＳＯ２浓度及烟气量的变化有较好的适应性和负荷跟踪性。烟气中残氨浓度及周围的辐射剂量低于国家标准的规定。     

Ammonium removal by modified zeolite from municipal wastewater

Ammonium removal by modified zeolite, H-form and Na-form zeolite, were examined by batch-type methods. The adsorption of ammonium on modified zeolite was exothermic process. The saturation adsorption capacity of ammonium on H-form and Na-form zeolite were 21.23 and 41.1.5 mg/g, respectively. After ten times adsorption-desorption-readsorption cycles the standard deviations of H-form and Na-form zeolite were 6.34% and 6.59%. The zeolite adsorption process has proved cost effective and practical in reducing ammonium by H-form and Na-form zeolite in municipal wastewater from concentration 27.68 mg/L to 2.80 mg/L and 5.91 mg/L.     

高效液相色谱-柱前衍生法测定水中有机磷除草剂

建立了水样中痕量草甘膦、草铵膦和氨甲基磷酸的FMOC柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测分析方法。草甘膦,草铵膦和氨甲基磷酸的平均加标回收率分别为94.2%、90.8%、98.6%;相对标准偏差分别为4.8%、0.68%、2.8%;方法的定性下限和定量下限分别为0.05、0.04、0.009μg/L和0.16、0.12、0.03μg/L。水样放置两天后,水样中的草甘膦、草铵膦分别降解了17.8%和19.5%,而水样经过衍生后在5天内是稳定的。