电解铝厂氟化物对周围农作物的影响评价

通过对某电解铝厂周围的大气环境及农作物中氟化物含量的监测,分析评价电解铝生产过程中排放的氟化物对其农作物的影响,并提出氟化物的治理措施及建议。     

离子色谱法测定有害工业固体废物浸出液中的氟化物

用离子色谱法（简称ＩＣ）测定有害工业固体废物浸出液中的氟化物，其测定方法较化学法（离子选择电极法）手续简便、快速、准确．     

铝改性粉煤灰漂珠材料吸附水中氟的性能研究

采用湿法+干法制备铝改性漂珠材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子、反应时间和反应温度对去除水溶液中氟离子性能的影响,并对实验数据进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合。结果表明:铝改性漂珠材料吸附水中氟离子的最佳pH值为3;最佳吸附剂用量2.5 g/L;共存离子影响由强到弱的顺序为H2PO4-,SO42-和NO3-的混合物﹥H2PO4-﹥SO42-﹥NO3-;在温度298 K、吸附剂用量2.5 g/L、pH值为3和反应时间24 h的条件下,最大吸附容量约10.2 mg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

ICS-1500离子色谱仪在地下水检测中的应用

采用ICS-1500离子色谱仪与淋洗液自动发生器联用,等浓度淋洗,用AS40自动进样,同时测定地下水中氟化物、氯化物、硫酸盐和硝酸盐氮。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度高,极大提高了分析的效率,适用于地下水中四项阴离子的检测。     

铝工业链中铝灰渣的危险废物特性与管理建议

为了明确铝灰渣的环境危害特征,于2019年4月和9月分别对广西典型铝冶炼、加工、再生企业进行了调查。利用铝灰渣与水反应的氨气释放率测定分光光度法等方法,对不同环节产生铝灰渣的浸出毒性、反应性、腐蚀性、易燃性进行评价分析。结果表明,铝灰渣浸出液中主要危害因子是氟化物,而非金属元素。氟化物质量浓度为2~1370 mg/L,原铝冶炼环节所产生的铝灰渣质量浓度最高。铝合金加工原辅料和末端处理方式会改变氟化物浸出质量浓度。铝灰渣反应性的氨气释放率为3.3~6.0 mg/kg,释放率和环境风险属于较低水平。铝灰渣在纯水中浸出液pH值为8.65~11.98,不具备腐蚀性;在1200℃条件下无法点燃,不具备易燃性。氟化物浸出和氨气释放是铝灰渣最需防范的环境危害,可作为其分类管理和无害化处置的依据。     

含氟废水处理中氟衰减的化学动力学研究

通过模拟实验，研究人氟化钙沉淀反应的动力学以及同离子效应、温度和ｐＨ条件对反应速度和最终结果的影响。结果表明：沉淀反应中氟的衰减速度率符合三级反应动力学方程：钙离子浓度的增加降低了沉淀反应的活化能，使沉淀反应的“启动时间”、半衰期、五分之四衰期、十分之九衰期大大缩短，并使水中氟化物浓度降至３．００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下；温度对氟化钙沉淀反应速度的影响符合阿螺尼乌斯（Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｎｇ）经验公式；沉淀反应的最     

离子选择电极测定烟气中氟化物影响因素的探讨

对离子选择电极测定烟气中氟化物的影响因素进行了探讨,提出了解决办法。     

The impact of an industrial effluent on the water quality,submersed macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates in a dammed river of Central Spain

This research was conducted in the middle Duratón River (Central Spain), in the vicinity of Burgomillodo Reservoir. An industrial effluent enters the river 300 m downstream from the dam. Fluoride and turbidity levels significantly increased downstream from the effluent, these levels being to some extent affected by differential water releases from the dam. The community of submersed macrophytes exhibited slighter responses and, accordingly, lower discriminatory power than the community of benthic macroinvertebrates, this indicating that metrics and indices based on macroinvertebrates may be more suitable for the biological monitoring of water pollution and habitat degradation in dammed rivers receiving industrial effluents. However, in relation to fluoride bioaccumulation at the organism level, macrophytes (Fontinalis antipyretica and Potamogeton pectinatus) were as suitable bioindicators of fluoride pollution as macroinvertebrates (Ancylus fluviatilis and Pacifastacus leniusculus). Fluoride bioaccumulation in both hard and soft tissues of these aquatic organisms could be used as suitable bioindicator of fluoride pollution (even lower than 1 mg F⁻ L⁻¹) in freshwater ecosystems. Echinogammarus calvus exhibited a great sensitivity to the toxicity of fluoride ions, with a 96 h LC₅₀ of 7.5 mg F⁻ L⁻¹ and an estimated safe concentration of 0.56 mg F⁻ L⁻¹. The great capacity of E. calvus to take up and retain fluoride during exposures to fluoride ions would be a major cause of its great sensitivity to fluoride toxicity. It is concluded that the observed fluoride pollution might be partly responsible for the absence of this native amphipod downstream from the industrial effluent.     

固定污染源废气中氟化物监测的探讨

废气固定污染源氟化物监测已有方法标准,但在实际工作中仍会遇到一些现有标准未具体规定但又严重影响监测结果的问题。文章主要针对固定污染源废气中氟化物监测时采样管的选择以及在高湿烟气中的测试进行了一些探讨,对实际工作具有指导作用。     

Fluoride removal from secondary effluent of the graphite industry using electrodialysis: Optimization with response surface methodology

RSM was utilized to optimize and model influential parameters on fluoride removal. Regression models involving independent variables and main response were developed. Interactive effects and optimum of process factors were illuminated and determined. Fluoride removal efficiency of 99.69% was observed in optimal process conditions. Response surface methodology was utilized to model and optimize the operational variables for defluoridation using an electrodialysis process as the treatment of secondary effluent of the graphite industry. Experiments were conducted using a Box-Behnken surface statistical design in order to evaluate the effects and the interaction of the influential variables including the operational voltage, initial fluoride concentration and flow rate. The regression models for defluoridation and energy consumption responses were statistically validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA); high coefficient of determination values (R² = 0.9772 and R² = 0.9814; respectively) were obtained. The quadratic model exhibited high reproducibility and a good fit of the experimental data. The optimum values of the initial fluoride concentration, voltage and flow rate were found to be 13.9 mg/L, 13.4 V, 102.5 L/h, respectively. A fluoride removal efficiency of 99.69% was observed under optimum conditions for the treatment of the secondary effluent of the graphite industry.