CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT OF MEAN TEMPERATURE

Mean temperature is employed universally as an index to the energy status of the environment, and to indicate probable reaction rates of physical and biological processes in nature. A versatile chemical method of temperature integration, based on the temperature dependence of sucrose hydrolysis, has been tested in central Pennsylvania. The chemical technique (after Pallmann) permits economical mass sampling of air, water, and soil temperatures in situations where conventional methods are too expensive or otherwise unsatisfactory. Short-wave radiation effects are negligible since the sensing elements are transparent. Repeatability is excellent: in field tests duplicate sensors yield the same mean temperature ± 0.02°C. Non-linearity of sensor response has been resolved, and the data can be related directly to measurements obtained in standard climatological networks. The technique can be used to good advantage in a variety of hydrological investigations, including evaporation, consumptive-use, and them pollution studies.     

江苏省环境空气质量自动监测数采平台的集成方案

对江苏省环境空气质量自动监测的数采平台现状进行了分析，并就省控中心统一软件采集中心站数据平台，省控中心统一软件采集子站数据平台，以及省控中心统一子站数采软、硬件平台方案进行了比较，指出为实现对全省各子站数据的有效质量管理，省环境空气质量自动监测平台的集成必须实现从子站直接采集原始分析数据，而要实现真正意义上的空气监测子站广域网连接，应由目前的省控中心统一软件采集子站数据的平台向省控制中心统一子站数采软、硬件平台过渡。     

试谈职业安全健康、环境、质量三个管理体系的整合与一体化

ISO9000、ISO4000、OSHAS18000三大管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进,已成为现代企业的管理水平和持续发展能力的重要标志。特别是我国入世后。企业能否在全球经贸活动中生存、竞争、发展、质量(Q)、环境(E)及职业安全健康(OSH)问题已成为不可回避的难点;也是必须克服的重要障碍。在QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系推行、建立、认证和持续改进的实践中,无论是企、事业单位(组织或用人单位)、咨询及认证机构,还是政府主管部门,可能都在深思,怎样才能减少三大管理体系建立中的交叉、重叠、重复、资源(人、才、物)浪费。管理效率、效益不高的问题。笔者提出了QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系整合及其一体化的问题;探讨了整合与一体化的背景和良好条件;分析了整合与一体化面临的困难,给出了整合与一体化管理体系建立的建议;展望了现代企业管理及其体系整合一体化的前景。     

废印刷电路板的静电分选实验研究

金属与非金属材料的分离是回收利用废印刷电路板的关键环节。对废印刷电路板物料的静电分选进行了实验研究。实验以电压、辊筒转速、电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离、静电极位置、电晕电极位置、电晕电极数量等为考察因素,研究各因素对电选效果的影响规律。结果表明,影响金属与非金属材料分离的主要因素是电压、辊筒转速和电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离,对于-0.9 0.45mm的破碎物料,当电压为24kV,辊筒转速为15Hz(54.6r/min),电晕电极与辊筒之间的距离为5.2cm时,得到最大静电分选综合效率67.37%。     

广州市天地空一体化环境空气质量监测网络的建设

简述了原有广州市环境空气自动监测网络情况,通过对环境空气自动监测网络的集成优化,增设站点、扩展监测项目和引入新技术,建立了一个"金字塔形"的集天地空一体化的环境空气监测网络,弥补了原有监测网络在反映环境空气质量总体水平、污染来源解析、预报预警所需的环境质量信息、对环境空气质量的评估等方面的不足,该网络已成功应用于广州亚运会的空气质量保障。     

Framework for integration of urban planning, strategic environmental assessment and ecological planning for urban sustainability within the context of China

Sustainable development or sustainability has been highlighted as an essential principle in urban master planning, with increasing recognition that uncontrollable urbanization may well give rise to various issues such as overexploitation of natural resources, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and large-scale climate change. Thus, it is deemed necessary to modify the existing urban and regional administrative system so as to cope with the challenges urban planning is being confronted with and realize the purpose of urban sustainability. This paper contributed to proposing a mechanism which helps to make urban planning with full consideration of issues with respect to sustainable development. We suggested that the integration of urban planning, SEA and ecological planning be a multi-win strategy to offset deficiency of each mentioned political tool being individually applied. We also proposed a framework where SEA and ecological planning are fully incorporated into urban planning, which forms a two-way constraint mechanism to ascertain environmental quality of urban planning, although in practice, planning and SEA processes may conditionally be unified. Moreover, as shown in the case study, the integration of the three political tools may be constrained due to slow changes in the contextual factors, in particular the political and cultural dimensions. Currently within the context of China, there may be three major elements which facilitate integration of the three political tools, which are (1) regulatory requirement of PEIA on urban planning, (2) the promotion or strong administrative support from government on eco-district building, and (3) the willingness of urban planners to collaborate with SEA experts or ecologists.     

Information requirements of integrated environmental policy experiences in the Netherlands

During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control.Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems.     

A framework on interactions of climate and energy policy instruments

In this paper we analyze the concept of interactions between policy instruments addressing environmental, energy and climate change issues. Although discussion on such policies has been taking place for almost two decades, their interactions are not so sufficiently explored. Initially, we refer to literature on various types of interactions and we classify them. Furthermore, we construct a qualitative method that can assist policymakers in selecting an optimal policy mix. This method breaks down into numerous components, the areas where different policies interact, and facilitates the unveiling of potential overlaps and complementarities. These areas consist of categories as measure identification, objectives, scope, market arrangements, market flexibility, financing, technological parameters, timing, compliance parameters and institutional setup. In addition, it renders the possibility of combining different options and design elements of policies. Furthermore, a list of various criteria serves as an assessment tool for interactions, where a weighing factor and uncertainty parameters have been added, in order to produce an aggregate indicator of the ex-ante analysis of the policy mix selected. Through this method, we present a complete framework of discernment of diverse forms of environmental policy instruments.     

Do integration difficulties influence management system integration levels?

The objective of this article is to empirically analyse whether there is a relationship between the difficulties found in the integration process and the level of system integration achieved.A sample of 362 organisations registered, at least, to both ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004, is examined. Structural equation modelling is applied to their responses to a mailed survey. Two different groups are studied depending on the number of management systems implemented: two systems for the first group and three for the second.The results demonstrate that organisations with three implemented management systems face difficulties in the integration process that affect the level of integration, while this relationship is not significant for those organisations with two management systems.This paper is one of the first studies focussing on integration difficulties and their effect on the level of integration achieved.     

京津冀一体化中河北省环境角色定位的构思

河北省的环境角色定位在于对外实现环境的自主性,对内实现环境的恢复和可持续性。而这一定位的难题是环境与经济如何兼得,具体来说就是河北省环境与自身经济、与京津发展、与一体化如何协调。破解经济与环境的博弈,河北省需要把握住自身的主体性,进而实现环境的自主性,规划一体化下的产业格局,促进产业结构的转型,发展低碳经济,最终实现发展模式的更新,而这一定位的最终实现则需要法制的落实和保障。