Mn-Ce/TiO2低温SCR催化剂成型过程添加剂的影响

催化剂成型过程中添加剂的种类和添加量对成型后催化剂的机械强度、成型效果和催化性能有很大影响.本文研究了Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂制备过程中添加剂对催化剂的低温脱硝性能和机械性能的影响.结果表明,添加10%的拟薄水铝石作为黏结剂,可使催化剂具有较强的机械强度;添加2.5%的活性炭作为造孔剂,可以有效改善催化剂的孔结构.催化剂成型后脱硝性能下降,反应温度为90℃和120℃时,催化剂的NO_x转化率分别下降了15%和30%左右,当温度到达150℃及以上时,催化剂成型前后的脱硝性能基本一致.最后,通过BET、FT-IR、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR表征分析原因：成型后催化剂比表面积和孔容下降,催化剂的表面酸性位点和氧化还原能力下降都会影响催化剂的脱硝性能,所以催化剂成型后低温活性变差.     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

添加剂对柴油机燃用乙醇柴油时排放颗粒特性的影响

为研究十六烷值改进剂和消烟剂对柴油机燃用乙醇柴油时颗粒排放特性的影响,在乙醇柴油中加入0.1%(以w计)、0.3%和0.5%的十六烷值改进剂或消烟剂,并在YZ4DB3柴油机上分别对这些燃料的排气烟度、颗粒比排放和粒径分布等进行研究. 结果表明:含添加剂的乙醇柴油颗粒物排放远低于0#柴油,降幅在50%以上;与0#柴油相比,添加0.3%十六烷值改进剂的乙醇柴油降低颗粒排放效果较显著,降幅高达64.2%,而添加0.1%消烟剂的乙醇柴油颗粒物排放降幅更高达84.0%,表明消烟剂的降颗粒效果更加显著. 柴油机燃用柴油时,排放颗粒的粒径呈双峰分布,峰值分别在0.56和0.18μm左右;但燃用含添加剂的乙醇柴油时,排放颗粒的粒径则呈单峰分布,其峰值均在>0.56~1.00μm粒径范围内. 柴油机燃用含添加剂的乙醇柴油后,0.18~0.32μm粒径范围内的排放颗粒显著减少,但在>0.32~1.00μm粒径范围内增加;同时,排放颗粒物中的积聚模态颗粒占排放颗粒总质量的比例降低,而粗粒子模态颗粒的所占比例相应增加. 排气烟度与积聚模态颗粒质量分布密切相关. 研究结果表明,柴油添加剂能够显著改善柴油机颗粒物排放特性,有利于改善大气质量.      

液体石蜡乳化液的制备及对甲苯废气的吸收性能研究

以液体石蜡和水制备乳化液,以制备的乳化液吸收甲苯废气。考察了制备乳化液时油水质量比、乳化剂的质量分数、HLB值(亲水亲油平衡值)、乳化时间、乳化温度的选择及Tween 80、正辛醇、NaCl、Na2SO4对甲苯吸收效果的影响。结果表明,室温下油水质量比为7∶3,乳化剂质量分数为7%,HLB值为10,乳化时间为0.5 h时制备的乳化液稳定性最好。试验条件下乳化液对甲苯的初始吸收率可达96.53%,增加Tween 80的量和添加正辛醇能提高乳化液的吸收效果,添加NaCl和Na2SO4则降低乳化液对甲苯的吸收能力。     

燃烧室沉积物对点燃式发动机不同工况下排放的影响

第三代汽油清净剂在保持发动机喷嘴、进气阀清洁的同时,增加了燃烧室沉积物(CCD),这将增加部分污染物的排放. 通过M111发动机台架试验,测量了试验过程中CO,碳氢化合物(HC)和NO_x的排放,考察了燃烧室沉积物对不同工况下污染物排放的影响. 结果表明:燃烧室沉积物对NO_x的生成有明显的促进作用,也可能会增加CO排放;燃烧室沉积物对HC排放的影响较为复杂,一方面会增加高速工况下HC的排放,但其少量存在时可降低发动机在低速低负荷工况下的HC排放.      

减阻剂对管道内流动结构及安全性影响研究

减阻剂可以有效改变管道内流动结构,减少流动阻力,在保证管道输量的前提下,降低管道的工作压力,提高管道的安全性能。采用Giesekus模型对表面活性剂减阻流动进行直接数值模拟,并基于模拟计算结果,采用小波多分辨分析方法研究减阻剂对流动结构的影响,定量计算减阻剂的作用效果,分析其对管道运行安全的影响。计算结果表明:在减阻剂作用下,流向速度分量的大尺度脉动所含能量显著增强,与牛顿流体相比,减阻流体的大尺度结构增大约1.5倍,而小尺度流动结构明显减少,进一步证明了减阻剂对小尺度湍流结构的抑制作用。得到的减阻率为47.07%,可使管道在较低压力下运行,降低管道的安全风险,提升管道的安全性能。     

炼油厂脱水浮选渣的综合利用研究

炼油厂污水车间浮选工序大部分采用铝盐作浮选剂，产生的浮选渣经离心脱水后会有比较高的油类有机物和一定量的铝化合物，非常适合于综合利用，使其中有用的物质得以资源化．本文介绍经三种方案──作为型煤添加剂、制取普通炼结砖、制取碱式氯化铝，对脱水后的浮选渣进行综合利用研究．结果表明，这三种方案完全可行，在消除浮选渣二次污染的同时，达到了变废为宝的目的．     

磷钨酸光催化六氟苯脱氟的研究

选择六氟苯作为目标化合物,利用266 nm脉冲激光照射磷钨酸与六氟苯的混合溶液证实了光催化转化六氟苯的可行性.结果表明,氟离子生成率与光照时间、pH值、磷钨酸初始投加量和添加物的量有关.氟离子生成率随激光脉冲次数的增加而升高.在溶液pH=1.0的条件下,氟离子生成率最高.2.0×10^-4mol/L的六氟苯与5.0×10^-6mol/L的磷钨酸的混合溶液在接受脉冲激光后,氟离子生成率可达208.1%.外加的氧化剂O₂、KMnO₄、K₂S₂O₈可以有效氧化还原态的磷钨酸,实现整个光催化循环.溶液中存在的醇类及芳香族有机化合物不利于磷钨酸光催化转化六氟苯.     

Effects of parabens on apoptosis induced by serum-free medium

Alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids (parabens), an endocrine disrupter, are used as preservatives in cosmetics and foods. In this study, to understand the relationship between parabens and differentiation in infants, the effects of parabens on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in PC12 cells were investigated. In addition, apoptosis-related factors were assayed. As results, a tendency toward enhancement of apoptosis was observed in the cells cultured in the serum-free medium with methylparaben, and this tendency was suggested to be related to the contents of BAD, a pro-apoptotic protein. Butylparaben did not show any tendency to enhance apoptosis.     

Effect of oxygenated liquid additives on the urea based SNCR process

An experimental investigation was performed to study the effect of oxygenated liquid additives, H₂O₂, C₂H₅OH, C₂H₄(OH)₂ and C₃H₅(OH)₃ on NO_x removal from flue gases by the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process using urea as a reducing agent. Experiments were performed with a 150 kW pilot scale reactor in which a simulated flue gas was generated by the combustion of methane operating with 6% excess oxygen in flue gases. The desired levels of initial NO_x (500 ppm) were achieved by doping the fuel gas with ammonia. Experiments were performed throughout the temperature range of interest, i.e. from 800 to 1200 °C for the investigation of the effects of the process additives on the performance of aqueous urea DeNO_x. With H₂O₂ addition a downward shift of 150 °C in the peak reduction temperature from 1130 to 980 °C was observed during the experimentation, however, the peak reduction efficiency was reduced from 81 to 63% when no additive was used. The gradual addition of C₂H₅OH up to a molar ratio of 2.0 further impairs the peak NO_x reduction efficiency by reducing it to 50% but this is accompanied by a downward shift of 180 °C in the peak reduction temperature. Further exploration using C₂H₄(OH)₂ suggested that a 50% reduction could be attained for all the temperatures higher than 940 °C. The use of C₃H₅(OH)₃ as a secondary additive has a significant effect on the peak reduction efficiency that decreased to 40% the reductions were achievable at a much lower temperature of 800 °C showing a downward shift of 330 °C.