自动监测站第三方运维管理的思考

随着自动监测技术的不断发展,其连续、稳定的监测优势正在逐步代替手工监测,各地监测部门投入了大量的资源和精力建成了大量的空气、水质自动站,在灰霾监测、河道水质监管、大环境预警方面等都起到了积极作用。由于自动站数量多,工作任务复杂繁重,因此大部分地区都采用第三方托管模式进行自动站日常运维管理。如何有效的进行权责分配、提高工作效率、减少管理摩擦等成为业主方不可回避和亟待解决的问题。根据实际管理实践,结合一些实用的管理经验,提出了一系列相关措施。     

Morphologie effects of channelization: the case of the Neebing-McIntyre floodway,Thunder Bay,Ontario, Canada

The Neebing-McIntyre floodway in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, has been constructed with a relatively straight and uniform trapezoidal channel, compared with the prechannelized sinuous reaches of the Neebing and the McIntyre rivers. The flow regime of the floodway also contrasts significantly with the prechannelized regime, because of the combination of discharges from these rivers into a new channel and the regulation of flows by a diversion structure. The maximum channel capacity of the floodway is about 284 m³ s^–1 (175-year regional flood), compared with about 40 m³ s^–1 and 60 m³ s^–1, respectively, for the Neebing and the McIntyre. According to regime theories, the construction of a straight and trapezoidal channel has upset the equilibrium of the stream system and therefore should lead to some accelerated erosion and sedimentation processes in the new channel immediately after construction. Erosion potential is particularly high during higher discharge events, when flow velocities are expected to be greater than the prechannelized velocities of the Neebing and the McIntyre. The overall sediment yield of the watershed is low (71t km^–2 yr^–1), compared with other documented watersheds of North America, but the rates of deposition in the floodway are relatively high, mainly due to the backwater effect of Lake Superior. Unless maintained by constant channel work, the floodway will tend to fill up with sediment, until a postconstructional equilibrium is reestablished.     

切实做好全厂停工检修中的环保工作

为确保炼油厂设备安全而稳定地运行，各生产装置都要定期进行停工检修，在此期间排放的污染物对环境将产生一定的影响。停工检修中的环保工作包括实施环保措施；加强环境管理；并且将2000m~3隔油池由一间式变为两间式，提高污水处理率和达标率。     

适合于钢铁企业设备检修的安全管理办法

根据钢铁企业设备检修的环境和特点,提出了1套适合于钢铁企业设备检修的安全管理方法--"1165安全管理模式";指出关注并解决设备检修作业过程中的安全问题,是当今企业安全管理的一个重要课题.     

某飞机维修公司个人听力防护用品使用情况调查分析

为了解听力防护用品使用过程中的问题,提高我国噪声暴露工人听力防护用品的使用率和有效率,选择噪声危害较大的某飞机维修公司的员工,进行听力防护用品使用情况的问卷调查。结果显示:该公司为员工提供耳塞和耳罩两种听力防护用品;员工的听力保护意识、使用情况较好,使用率达95%,但对听力防护用品相关知识的了解不够全面;能够在工作中一直坚持使用的工人较少,仅占11%,影响工人工作时间使用听力防护用品时间长短的因素主要是其舒适性。调查分析提示:在未来听力防护用品的生产过程中,需要进一步加强和改善舒适性的技术;政府、企业和个人3方面共同参与,降低职业性噪声暴露对工人听力的损伤。     

岛津TNP-4110在线分析仪的日常维护

从数据比对、硬件维护两个方面探讨岛津TNP-4110在线仪的日常维护问题。通过分析各种干扰因素来查找造成数据比对差异的原因并提出相应解决措施。在仪器日常维护上设立不同周期保养计划、共享设备维护经验,结合实践制定了合适的检修流程图。     

航空维修人为差错影响因素分析中的模糊层次分析法

航空维修中的人为差错影响因素分析对于预防事故发生至关重要,如何定量分析及辨识出主要影响因素是亟待解决的问题。为此,结合航空维修实际,提出运用群组模糊层次分析法对人为差错影响因素进行量化排序和分类,归纳细化了影响因素层次体系,并给出了分析计算流程。以一起由维修人为差错所引发的航空事故为例进行了实证分析,结果表明:该方法能够辨识出航空维修中人为差错产生的主要影响因素,进而对制订最优事故预防方案,控制和减少该类事故的发生有积极意义。同时该方法对其他行业中的人为差错主要影响因素辨识有着一定的参考价值。     

基于贝叶斯网络的航空维修人因可靠性分析

根据维修人为因素分析和分类扩展系统的框架选取影响因素,在航空维修领域应用贝叶斯网络进行人因可靠性分析,建立飞机维修效能模型,直观地表示影响因素与维修效能之间的关系。同时以目视检测为例,结合专家意见确定随机影响因素,通过专家访谈、事故报告、调查问卷、操作记录等渠道获取数据,得出条件概率表,进而建立目视检测表现模型,展示贝叶斯网络的建模流程。案例研究结果表明,组织文化、视觉信息、设备、疲劳、检测距离等因素对目视检测表现的影响非常显著,欲改善目视检测表现,必须对多影响因素进行综合管理。     

Loss prevention in turnaround maintenance projects by selecting contractors based on safety criteria using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Turnaround maintenance (TAM) is a usual plant shutdown that is done by process industries to perform asset inspections, repairs, and overhauls. TAM engineering projects are needed on a periodic basis to optimize a plant's performance. Process industrial plants usually don't have enough in-house manpower to carry out needed TAM jobs; it is not uncommon for a process industrial plant to outsource its TAM manpower supply to external contractors. This will create a peculiar management challenge regarding how to assure orientation of safety practices for the newly hired labor. Although accidents during process plant shutdowns may have severe consequences, the safety management systems in place for many companies only cover normal operations and few explicitly address TAM projects. Usually, contractors are evaluated from a safety perspective after handling the project by monitoring safety indicators such as number of injuries, incidents, etc. This paper emphasizes safety attributes to be included in selecting contractors at the bidding stage to assure loss prevention and better safety orientation during TAM implementation. The paper starts with reviewing TAM literature and defining main needed safety attributes to prequalify contractors. It develops an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model that is applied to rank TAM contractors' selection. A case study is presented for a petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia to demonstrate the AHP model.     

浅谈福建武夷山大气背景监测站的运行维护

大气背景监测站多位于高山且相对清洁地区,在运行维护方面和城市点位有很大不同,低量程仪器和其他自动监测仪器在运行维护上也有所不同。国家大气背景监测福建武夷山站是国内14个大气背景监测站之一,该站于2011年3月4日运行,文章总结该站运行以来的维护经验,从运行条件、日常维护、简单故障判断、数据处理等几个方面详细叙述,给出维护经验和注意事项,以期为其他类似背景站的运行维护提供参考。