山西高原天然油松群体过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对山西高原5个油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)天然种群的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶进行了分析。从140份供试材料的带型计算出油松种群多态位点百分数为95%,等位基因平均数为1.95,期望杂合度为0.357,遗传分化系数为0.036。表明山西高原天然油松种群间产生一定程度的分化,在同工酶水平上呈现出遗传多态性,且大部分遗传变异存在于种群内。     

芹菜赖氨酸加苏氨酸抗性细胞系的选择

用４ｍｍｏｌ－／Ｌ浓度的赖氨酸加苏氨酸作为选择压，经相同浓度液体和固体选择培养基连续选择，从未经诱变处理的芹菜胚性愈伤组织筛选出一个稳定的赖氨酸加苏氨酸抗性细胞系并得到再生植株。抗性细胞系再生植株整株的氨基酸含量比对照组植株高１０倍左右。但是地上部分氨基酸含量，抗性细胞系再生植株比对照植株有所降低。两种植株叶片的细胞色素氧化酶同工酶谱有明显差异，抗性细胞系再生植株有４条谱带，而对照植株只有两条谱带     

紫外光B辐射对水稻生长和生长素水平影响的初步研究

2个水稻品种IR68和Dular生长在室外条件下，在以自然条件、13．0和19．1kJ·m－2．d－1（分别模拟臭氧浓度下降20％和40％时的UV－B强度）的紫外光B（UV－B280～320um）进行2和4wk的照射处理，以研究UV-B对水稻生长的影响．结果表明：UV-B强度增加能使2个水稻品种的株高、叶面积和叶m（DW）下降，而对分蘖数没有影响；随着UV-B处理强度的增加，IR68和Dular叶片IAA含量显著下降．在4wk处理的条件下．19．1kJ·m-2·d－1的UV-B使IR68和Dular叶片的IAA含量分别下降了48．7％和46．2％．值得注意的是．UV-B处理提高了2个水稻品种叶片内的IAA氧化酶的活性．初步推测UV-B使水稻叶片IAA氧化酶活性提高导致IAA含量的下降．从而抑制了水稻的生长．     

羟胺对厌氧氨氧化污泥群落的影响

目前,由于厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)过程具有高效率、低能耗和污泥量少的优点,在污水除氮方面具有广阔的应用前景.羟胺既是厌氧氨氧化代谢的中间产物,同时也是一种抑制剂,但是目前关于厌氧氨氧化细菌颗粒如何应对羟胺的压力还没有很好的解释.通过羟胺批次添加实验,发现在投加不同浓度的羟胺情况下(40～80mg·L~(-1)),厌氧氨氧化的反应活性受到了抑制作用,但是无法判断厌氧氨氧化细菌对羟胺的耐受阈值.然后基于实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)技术检测了不同反应器内肼氧化酶(HZO)的mRNA的表达量,发现HZO酶的表达量随着羟胺浓度的增加出现先升高后降低的趋势,由此本研究推测相对于3.12g·L~(-1)的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,其承受的羟胺浓度(以N计)阈值介于60～70mg·L~(-1).同时利用16S rRNA高通量测序的方法对反应器内的颗粒污泥微生物结构与功能进行分析,发现投加适量的羟胺(50mg·L~(-1))有助于增强颗粒污泥中细菌的细胞运动性,促进厌氧氨氧化细菌的组成,提供一个更佳的生态平衡.     

壬基酚对大鼠5-羟色胺分解代谢通路的影响

为探讨壬基酚对5-羟色胺(5-HT)代谢网络分解代谢通路的毒性作用机制,将24只SD雄性大鼠分为阴性对照组和壬基酚低、中、高剂量组[30,90,270mg/(kg·bw)],隔日玉米油灌胃染毒28d后检测大鼠血浆及肝匀浆中单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性和血浆中5-HT含量,并称量肝、肾和睾丸重量.结果显示,壬基酚暴露高剂量组大鼠体质量增量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);染毒至第3周起,各组大鼠平均食物利用率有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组肝脏、肾脏脏器系数均有统计学意义(P<0.01),中、高剂量组睾丸脏器系数均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组血浆MAO酶活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),中、高剂量组肝匀浆MAO酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);中、高剂量组血浆5-HT含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).壬基酚暴露剂量与大鼠体内MAO酶活性及5-HT水平均呈剂量-效应关系,壬基酚可通过分解代谢通路影响5-HT的代谢网络.     

Positive relationships between phenol oxidase activity and extractable phenolics in estuarine soils

Decomposition of recalcitrant materials such as phenolics is known to play a pivotal role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in estuaries. The specific goals of this study were to determine temporal and spatial variations of phenol oxidase and phenolics in estuarine soils, and to elucidate controlling factors for phenol oxidase activity. To achieve these goals, phenol oxidase activity and phenolic content were measured in soils developed along the side of an estuary in the Han River, Korea. Soil samples were collected in three locations with different vegetation: mud flats, Zizania-dominated soils, and Salix-dominated soils. Monthly measurements were also made in a Zizania-dominated site over a year period. Phenol oxidase activity varied between 0.00 and 0.28 diqc min^?1 g^?1, whilst phenolic content ranged from 0.0–10.5 μg g^?1. A correlation analysis revealed that phenol oxidase activity exhibited positive correlations with phenolic content in both seasonal and spatial data. The same relationship was found when the data were analysed separately for each site. Unlike peatlands or upland forest soils where negative correlations were often found between phenol oxidase activity and phenolics, substrate induction appears to account for the positive correlation in the present study.     

共生菌B1+B2聚乙烯醇降解酶活性优化研究

从PVA降解酶的角度对本实验室前期实验筛选到的共生菌B1 B2进行了研究.在考察共生菌的基本生长和酶活的关系以及PVA降解酶和氧化酶的关系后,研究了不同的营养条件对PVA降解酶活性的影响.通过对主要营养条件的单因素考察,设计正交实验,优化出影响PVA降解酶活性的最佳主要营养条件为酵母汁0.2gL-1、硝酸铵0.2gL-1、葡萄糖0.5gL-1.采用优化条件进行验证实验,PVA降解酶活性(1.61UmL-1)高于正交实验中的最高酶活(1.56UmL-1),研究结果对发酵生产PVA降解酶和提高该菌在PVA废水处理中的降解性能有一定的价值.图5表3参11     

Polyphenols and their influence on gut function and health in ruminants: a review

Polyphenols in plants can protect proteins from degradation and improve the efficiency of conversion of plant protein to animal protein (meat and milk), but can this be achieved in a way that is environmentally sustainable, profitable to the livestock farmer and is consistent with aspirations for improved livestock nutrition, health, welfare and product quality? Given that grazed and conserved forage is the bedrock of sustainable ruminant production, this paper attempts to consider what challenges are ahead in terms of enhancing productive efficiency, reducing the polluting footprint of livestock agriculture and alleviating the endemic parasitism that occurs with grazing animals.     

Interactive effects of cadmium and hypoxia on metabolic responses and bacterial loads of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Pollution by toxic metals including cadmium (Cd) and hypoxia are important stressors in estuaries and coastal waters which may interactively affect sessile benthic organisms, such as oysters. We studied metabolic responses to prolonged hypoxic acclimation (2 weeks at 5% O₂) in control and Cd-exposed (30 d at 50 μg L⁻¹ Cd) oysters Crassostrea virginica, and analyzed the effects of these stressors on abundance of Vibrio spp. in oysters. Hypoxia-acclimated oysters retained normal standard metabolic rates (SMR) at 5% O₂, in contrast to a decline of SMR observed during acute hypoxia. However, oysters spent more time actively ventilating in hypoxia than normoxia resulting in enhanced Cd uptake and 2.7-fold higher tissue Cd burdens in hypoxia. Cd exposure led to a significant decrease in tissue glycogen stores, increase in free glucose levels and elevated activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase and aldolase) indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate catabolism. A compensatory increase in activities of two key mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) was found during prolonged hypoxia in control oysters but suppressed in Cd-exposed ones. Cd exposure also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels during normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Overall, Cd- and hypoxia-induced changes in metabolic profile, Cd accumulation and bacterial flora of oysters indicate that these stressors can synergistically impact energy homeostasis, performance and survival of oysters in polluted estuaries and have significant consequences for transfer of Cd and bacterial pathogens to the higher levels of the food chain.     

苯酚对蔬菜幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

含酚污水是当前世界上危害大,污染范围广的一种工业污染源.未经处理直接排放到市郊农村的工业污水严重污染农业生态环境.一些学者就其对鱼类、小麦的毒性影