酵母融合菌-活性污泥曝气处理含镍废水研究

利用酵母融合菌RJ与活性污泥曝气处理含镍废水.实验结果表明,融合菌对废水中的镍具有很强的富集性能,投加10g/L菌体,处理20 mg/L含镍废水,去除率可达70.10%;同时投加6g/L活性污泥,去除率上升到80.73%,出水固液分离效果得到改善;且融合菌的pH值适用范围较广,当pH=3～9时,去除率均在75%以上;溶解氧是影响曝气生物吸附的重要因素,在缺氧或富氧环境下,生物吸附会受到抑制,DO为2.5～4.5 mg/L时吸附效果较好;融合菌-活性污泥曝气处理不同浓度Ni2 的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,相关系数为0.997 5.     

Biosorption of copper and zinc by immobilised and free algal biomass, and the effects of metal biosorption on the growth and cellular structure of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from rivers in Penang, Malaysia

In this study, the biosorption of copper and zinc ions by Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from local environments in Malaysia was investigated in a batch system and by microscopic analyses. Under optimal biosorption conditions, the biosorption capacity of Chlorella sp. for copper and zinc ions was 33.4 and 28.5 mg/g, respectively, after 6 hr of biosorption in an immobilised system. Batch experiments showed that the biosorption capacity of algal biomass immobilised in the form of sodium alginate beads was higher than that of the free biomass. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that copper and zinc were mainly sorbed at the cell surface during biosorption. Exposure to 5 mg/L of copper and zinc affected both the chlorophyll content and cell count of the algal cells after the first 12 hr of contact time.     

丁二酸改性茶油树木屑吸附铀的研究

为了探究丁二酸改性对茶油树木屑吸附铀的促进作用,将茶油树木屑经过粉碎、筛分、碱化和酸化等前处理后,再利用丁二酸对茶油树木屑作改性处理.红外分析表明改性后木屑内部的化学基团中增加了羧基、酯基;扫描电镜可知,改性后的茶油树木屑由致密平直的条状结构变为疏松褶皱的叶片状结构,说明改性作用增加木屑内部的空隙.通过静态吸附实验,考察了吸附反应时间、木屑用量、p H值、温度、以及溶液初始浓度等因素对茶油树木屑改性前后吸附铀的影响;结果表明,茶油树木屑经丁二酸改性后对铀吸附效果明显提高,在12.5 mg·L-1的铀溶液中约提高了20%.改性和未改性的茶油树木屑对铀的吸附都在180 min内达到平衡,并且都符合准二级动力学模型.改性和未改性茶油树木屑对铀的吸附等温线都符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型.且由Langmuir等温方程计算可知,在35℃、p H=4.0条件下,改性后的茶油树木屑对铀的最大吸附容量(Qm)由21.413 3 mg·g-1提高到31.545 7 mg·g-1.     

白腐真菌吸附废水中Zn~(2+)的影响因素及吸附机理研究

研究白腐真菌粉末对Zn2+的吸附效果、影响因素及其吸附机理。结果表明,35 min后吸附过程基本完成,pH适宜范围为5~6,Zn2+吸附率随着Zn2+初始浓度增大而提高,且在Zn2+初始浓度为25 mg/L,吸附剂用量为2.5 g/L,pH为5.5的最佳条件下,Zn2+吸附率达到98.01%。与原白腐真菌相比,用0.8 mol/L NaOH对菌样进行预处理,Zn2+的吸附率可提高10%左右。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)对Zn2+吸附前后的白腐真菌粉末进行表征。结果表明,白腐真菌表面粗糙,孔隙多。吸附Zn2+的过程中,白腐真菌表面的-OH和-PO4与Zn2+发生络合反应,生成的产物主要为磷酸锌和氢氧化锌。     

固定化真菌对铅离子生物吸附的研究

采用多种固定化材料包埋枝孢霉属(Cladosporium sp.),结果表明:以一定比例混合的海藻酸钠-明胶包埋的枝孢霉小球对Pb2+具有最佳吸附效果。通过正交试验确定了固定化最优操作条件,最优条件为:菌量为10g/L,包埋剂量为1.5∶1.5,CaCl2浓度为4%,钙化时间为4h。并考察了不同因素如接触反应时间,溶液的pH,温度对生物吸附的影响。结果表明:平衡吸附的时间为3h左右,最适pH为4.0,在15℃~45℃的温度范围内,吸附量有缓慢增加,在一定的浓度范围(30~700mg/L)内,生物吸附随浓度的增加而增加,生物吸附过程较好地符合Langmuir模型。     

附着剑菌对三氯联苯的吸附及降解机制研究

实验研究附着剑菌(Ensifer adhaerens.R2)对持久性有机污染物三氯联苯(2,4,4′-TCB,PCB28)的去除机制,探究菌株对2,4,4′-TCB的生物吸附和生物降解作用,以及其随时间、pH值、温度、菌体密度、金属离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)的变化.灭活菌体对PCBs的去除机制为生物吸附,吸附率在2h基本达到平衡,为85.97%;活体菌株可以通过生物吸附及生物降解作用去除2,4,4′-TCB,在本次实验周期内主要以吸附作用为主,2h吸附率为60.59%,明显高于降解率的12.90%.单因素条件下,pH值为6.0、35℃、OD为0.8、添加1mol/L的Ca2+、Mg2+处理可使活菌对2,4,4′-TCB的吸附达到最优;pH值为7.5,30℃,添加0.05mol/L的Ca2+、Mg2+处理可使活菌对2,4,4′-TCB的降解达到最优.     

亚甲基蓝在缺氧活性污泥上的吸附平衡和动力学

为了考察缺氧活性污泥对染料的吸附性能和吸附机理,以缺氧活性污泥作为吸附剂,亚甲基蓝作为吸附质进行等温吸附试验。结果表明:亚甲基蓝在缺氧活性污泥上的吸附遵循准二级速率方程,吸附方式为化学吸附;吸附行为符合Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson吸附等温式,为单分子层吸附,理论最大吸附量9.25 mg/g;亚甲基蓝分子在污泥颗粒内扩散动力学曲线存在线性部分,说明吸附过程存在污泥颗粒微孔内扩散效应。     

Biosorption of lead and cadmium using marine algae

The use of algae (Ulva fasciata, green and Sargassum sp., brown) to reduce lead and cadmium levels from mono-metal solutions was investigated. The brown algae showed higher efficiency for the accumulation of lead (～1.5 times) and cadmium (～2 times) than green algae. The optimum pH value is found to be between 4 and 5.5. Regarding biomass concentration, an increase in metals percentage removal and a decrease in metal uptake capacity coincided with the increase in biomass concentration. All light metals (Ca, Mg and Na) showed a suppressive effect on biosorption capacity. The enhancement of biosorption in the case of NaOH was obvious. The biosorption process (65–90%) occurred within 3?min. Experimental data were in high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model for lead and cadmium biosorption using different biosorbents. In the desorption study, 0.2?mol?L^?1 HCl recorded the best concentration for the elution of metals from the biomass. The biosorption capacity decreased over the four operational cycles for both lead and cadmium. Infrared analysis showed that amino, hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups provide the major biosorption sites for metal binding. Use of the above-mentioned algae for cheap metal absorbance is considered as one water treatment criterion.     

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chemically treated water hyacinth

Water hyacinth (WH), an aquatic plant macrophyte, was investigated for its ability to perform as a suitable adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The non-living biomass of WH was subjected to several chemical treatments, namely, washing with hot water, washing with hot dilute HCl, soaking in NaOH, soaking in HNO₃, and sulfonation. The system variables studied also include pH and MB concentration. The Langmuir isotherm was found to represent the measured adsorption data well except for WH soaked in NaOH, which was found to be better represented by the Freundlich isotherm. Values of the dimensionless separation factor, K _R, indicated that the adsorption systems in this study are all favorable. Values of the first layer of adsorption were calculated by the non-linear multilayer adsorption model, and the specific surface area values were found to be high and comparable to commercially activated carbons.     

重金属Cu2+抗性菌的筛选与吸附性能研究

采用富集培养方法从污水处理厂污泥中分离筛选出3株对Cu2+吸附能力较强的菌株,考察pH值、温度和Cu2+初始质量浓度对3株菌吸附能力的影响。结果表明,Z-1-4在pH值为5.0,30℃,Cu2+质量浓度为140 mg/L时吸附效果最好;Z-1-5在pH值为6.0,28℃,Cu2+质量浓度为170 mg/L时吸附效果最好;Z-1-6在pH值为6.0,28℃,Cu2+质量浓度为140 mg/L时吸附效果最好。其中菌株Z-1-5吸附能力最强,吸附容量可达13.68 mg/g。对Z-1-5进行16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定为鞘胺醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)。