开发白洋淀旅游资源的制约因素与对策

作者在实地调查研究的基础上，认为制约白洋淀旅游业发展的因素主要有水位不稳、水质受到污染、旅游项目内容贫乏、参与性差、景区文化氛围不和谐，以及管理不到位。作者提出，应努力保持其水位稳定，加强流域内污染治理，理顺管理体制，建立白洋淀湿地保护区，加大旅游资源开发和宣传力度，丰富旅游的文化内涵等来保证白洋淀旅游的可持续发展。     

白洋淀底泥化学性质在芦苇生境下的变化

于2004年6月对白洋淀底泥进行了调查采样.化学分析的结果表明,底泥中氮、磷、有机质含量较高.重金属铜、锌、镉、铅呈现出不同程度的污染.通过原状土柱试验探讨了底泥在较长时间里发生的物质转变和演化规律,土柱内不同的pH值、C/N、灌水量对底泥演化的影响.结果表明,在pH值为7.3、C/N为12:1、灌水量为80L条件下处理有利于芦苇对底泥的无害化处理.     

白洋淀湿地水质与水生物相关性研究

水质与水生物间关系是湿地生态学的研究热点,研究成果可为湿地水生态修复提供科学依据.在白洋淀湿地设置14个采样点,选取9个水质因子、4类11个水生物指标,利用冗余分析(RDA)方法对其进行研究.结果表明,白洋淀湿地水质和水生物相关性显著,前两个排序轴水质与水生物的相关系数分别为0.973和0.821,特征值分别是0.862和0.059.DO、NO₃^--N、SD、TN和TP是影响水生物的主要水质因子,第一排序轴与NO₃^--N和DO显著正相关;第二排序轴与SD显著正相关,与TN和TP显著负相关.比较可知,NO₃^--N、DO对浮游动植物影响显著,特征值占主要水质因子总特征值的89%;SD、TN和TP对底栖动物及大型水生植物影响大,特征值占主要水质因子总特征值的94%.     

白洋淀湿地土壤氮素空间分布特征研究

为了了解白洋淀湿地土壤氮素空间分布规律,于2011年4月在研究区内部耕地和芦苇地采集土样进行分析、研究。研究结果显示,湿地土壤氮素含量总体趋势随着土层的加深而减少;表层土壤全氮和碱解氮呈现出西北高、东南低的趋势。耕地土壤氮素含量和变异性均高于芦苇地,反映出人类活动对土壤氮素的空间分布有较大影响。相关性分析显示土壤有机质含量和含水量与氮素联系紧密,是影响其分布的重要因素。     

白洋淀水体铁含量与其他水质因子的关系

于2009年5月—2010年3月,选择代表性月份对白洋淀水体水质进行监测,探讨水体中铁含量、形态及其与其他水质因子的相互关系。结果表明,白洋淀水体总铁含量范围为0.03～2.90 mg.L-1,各监测点位平均超标率为61.11%。从时间上来看,水体铁含量表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;从空间上来看,清洁对照点总铁含量最低,污水排放口、养鱼区次之,养鸭区和垃圾堆放点含量均较高。相关分析表明,水体总铁含量与总磷含量、叶绿素a含量、水体富营养化指数之间均呈显著相关性,与总氮含量未表现出显著相关性。     

水环境可持续承载评价方法及实证研究

基于广义水环境的概念，研究水环境承载可持续性的量化评价方法，拓展了水环境承载的内涵。主要考虑水环境的水源、资源、纳污、生态等四个功能过程，兼顾社会调节活动对水环境功能的影响。设计并构建了水环境承载的可持续性评价指标体系。对指标体系的1个指数、6个分类指标和36个衰征变量，采用多指标综合评价方法进行定量评价，得到水环境可持续承载度。建立了基予GIS的评价平台。结合白洋淀保定地区的案例进行了水环境承载的实证评价，分析了不同年份水环境承载度指数的变化趋势。提出了改善水环境承载状况的措施建议。研究成果可为科学制定保护规划和管理政策提供技术依据。     

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface water and sediments from Baiyangdian Lake in North China

Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Baiyangdian Lake, North China. Total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface water were in the range of 3.13-10.60, 4.05-20.59 and 19.46-131.62 ng/L, respectively, and total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in sediments were 1.75-5.70, 0.91-6.48 and 5.96-29.61 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among the groups of HCHs (sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and DDTs (sum of DDT, DDD and DDE), the predominance of β-HCH, DDE and DDD in water and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that β-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD. For PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were the most abundant compounds in the both phases. Furthermore, the partitioning of chlorinated compounds between sediment and water was investigated to understand their transport and fates in aquatic ecosystems. The results indicated that average logs of organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients (logK_oc') for OCPs varied between 3.20 and 5.53, and for PCBs, logK_oc' values ranged from 3.19 to 5.57. The observed logK_oc' was lower than their equilibrium logK_oc predicted from linear model, which may be attributed to the solubility enhancement effect of colloidal matter in water phase and the disequilibrium between sediment and water.     

白洋淀自然保护区村庄环境综合整治研究

文章在实地调查、室内实验和查阅大量资料的基础上,从淀内生活垃圾、淀内污水排放、水产养殖业和畜禽养殖业和农药化肥施用5个方面存在的环境污染问题进行了比较深入的分析,同时认为白洋淀淀内污染已成为主要污染源。针对东田庄村具体情况,提出垃圾处理、污水处理工程、水产养殖和家禽养殖业、厕所粪便处理、岸坡的生态防护5个方面进行村庄整治,从而改变白洋淀村庄环境污染状况,保护白洋淀生态环境。     

Relationship between herbaceous community distribution and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the Baiyangdian River Basin北大核心CSCD

Riparian zone vegetation is an important part of the riparian ecosystem and plays an important role in the riparian zone functioning. Herbs, which are one of the main types of riparian vegetation, are extremely sensitive to environmental changes and human activities and have become a hot spot of riparian vegetation research. In this study, the herbaceous communities of four representative rivers (Xiaoyi, Baohe, Fuhe, and Baigouyin River) entering Baiyangdian Lake in China were researched. The herbaceous species in their riparian zones were systematically investigated using the sample plot method. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J), and Patrick richness (R) indices were estimated to examine the species composition and diversity of the herb communities, following which redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted. The relationship between species diversity, distribution patterns of herbaceous plant communities, and soil environmental factors in the riparian zone of the four rivers is discussed. (1) Eighty-three species of herbaceous plants belonging to 66 genera and 27 families in the riparian zone entering Baiyangdian Lake. Most herbaceous plants, including Poaceae, Compositae, and Chenopodiaceae, were weeds or associated plants. Riparian vegetation was greatly affected by human disturbance. (2) All the three estimated indices of the Xiaoyi, Baigouyin, and Fuhe rivers were better than those of the Baohe River. (3) The vegetation coverage and species diversity of riparian herbaceous communities were positively correlated with soil organic matter and water content but negatively correlated with pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Therefore, these communities are conducive to the restoration of vegetation and the stability of biodiversity in the riparian core area to reduce the disturbance of human activities and increase humidity. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

白洋淀多种生境沉积物有机质来源解析及其演变

沉积物有机质来源及其演变的解析对富营养化湖泊的防治及生态修复具有重要的意义.白洋淀是华北地区最大的淡水湖泊,由于受人类活动的影响,其生境逐渐破碎化且不同生境的有机质来源及演变过程尚不清楚.通过对白洋淀河道、湖面、鱼塘、荷塘4种不同生境沉积物岩芯正构烷烃含量与组成特征的分析,结合主成分分析-多元线性回归(PCA-MLR)模型,以解析其有机质的来源及演变.结果表明：由于受不同人类活动的影响,不同生境沉积物的有机质来源不同.鱼塘和荷塘沉积物有机质来源以藻类等水生低等生物为主,分别达到78.3%、72.7%;河道沉积物有机质来源则以陆生高等植物为主,占比为63.8%;开阔湖面沉积物中不同有机质来源所占比例分别为水生低等生物33.0%,水生高等植物26.2%,陆生高等植物40.8%.该结果与白洋淀地区人类活动变化与经济社会发展历程相对应.值得注意的是,尽管随着雄安新区一系列环境治理措施和环保工程的实施,白洋淀水质恶化趋势得到遏制,藻类等水生低等生物在河道和湖面的沉积物有机质来源占比开始缓慢降低,但是由于水体富营养化程度较深且藻类死亡后仍大量沉积于沉积物中,鱼塘和荷塘沉积物有机质来源中水生低等生物...