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排序方式: 共有110条查询结果,搜索用时 390 毫秒
31.
Experiments have shown that the oceans release a significant fraction of the yearly global emissions of carbonyl sulfide to the atmosphere. The experimental methods used to obtain, store and analyze air and water samples for OCS measurements are discussed and measurements of the Henry's constant in seawater at temperatures between 0 and 30°C are reported. The results are applied to oceanic flux models, and the global yearly emissions of OCS from oceans to the atmosphere are calculated to be ~8 × 1011 gm/yr (0.8 Tg yr?1). 相似文献
32.
Risk assessment of amniocentesis between 11 and 15 weeks: Comparison to later amniocentesis controls
We studied 693 consecutive early amniocenteses (prior to 15 weeks) and found a spontaneous abortion rate to 28 weeks' gestation of 1·5 per cent. A control group of women having standard amniocentesis (15–20 weeks) experienced a 0·6 per cent fetal loss in the same period. There were no other apparent differences between the two groups. Early amniocentesis results are generally available 4–6 weeks before standard amniocentesis and 1–3 weeks after chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be accurately assayed in 11- to 15-week amniotic fluid samples but additional studies are necessary to determine the accuracy of neural tube defect (NTD) detection. Including the present study, over 5800 early amniocenteses have been reported and the results suggest that this is a relatively safe prenatal diagnostic test and an alternative to CVS and later amniocentesis. 相似文献
33.
I.Y. Mostafa E.F. Shabana Z. Khalil F.I.Y. Mostafa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5-6):499-512
Abstract The growth and total carbohydrate contents of Nostoc muscorum and Tolypothrix tenuis were greatly and significantly reduced by the application of parathion. “Chlorophyll a”, carotene biosynthesis and the rate of glucose absorption were enhanced after supplementation of parathion to the culture media of both cyanobacteria. Nitrogen released to the media, total nitrogen content and total nitrogen fixed were increased in both organisms‐ Increase in protein content was accompanied by remarkable drop in amino, peptide and ammonia fractions‐ Phosphorus uptake, RNA, DNA and total phosphorus content were accelerated to reach maximum accumulation at the highest insecticide level. In metabolism study using 14C‐labelled compound, parathion was readily degraded by Nostoc and Tolypothrix. Following ten days incubation, the aqueous fractions contained 21.1% and 18.1% of the initial activity in Nostoc and Tolypothrix respectively. TLC analysis of the hydrolytic products revealed the presence of three metabolites: p‐aminophenol, p‐nitrophenol and aminoparathion. 相似文献
34.
Y.F. Khalil 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1027-1038
This paper aims to develop quantitative insights based on measured deflagration parameters of hybrid mixtures of activated carbon (AC) dust and hydrogen (H2) gas in air. The generated experimental evidence is used to reject the claim of the null hypothesis (H0) that severity of deflagrations of H2/air mixtures always bound the severity of deflagrations of heterogenous combustible mixtures of AC dust/H2/air containing the same H2 concentrations as in the H2/air binaries. The core insights of this investigation show that the maximum deflagration pressure rise (ΔPMAX) and maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)MAX) of this hybrid mixture are greater than those corresponding to deflagrations of H2/air mixtures for all the dust and H2 concentrations being examined. The deflagration severity indices (KSt and ES) of the hybrid mixture containing 29 mol% H2 are found to be greater than those of the H2/air mixture containing 29 mol% H2. Also, the minimum explosible concentration (MEC) of the hybrid mixture is lower than that of the AC dust in air only. The insights gained should lead to better realization of the severity of a postulated safety-significant accident scenario associated with on-board cryoadsorption H2 storage systems for fuel-cell (FC) powered light-duty vehicles. The identified insights could also be relevant to other industrial processes where combustible dusts are generated in the vicinity of solvent vapors. Moreover, these insights should be useful for supporting quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of on-board H2 storage systems, designing improved safety measures for cryoadsorption H2 storage tanks, and guiding H2 safety standards and transportation regulations. 相似文献
35.
Khalil Hanna Tiangoua Kone Christian Ruby 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):124-134
Background, aim, and scope
In literature, the environmental applications of green rust (GR) have mainly been pointed out through the reduction of inorganic contaminants and the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organics. However, reactions involving GR for the oxidation and mineralization of organic pollutants remain very scantly described. In this study, the ability of three synthetic Fe(II)–Fe(III) green rusts, GR(CO32−), GR(SO42−), and GR(Cl−), to promote Fenton-like reaction was examined by employing phenol as a model pollutant. Unlike the traditional Fenton’s reagent (dissolved Fe(II) + H2O2), where the pH values have to be lowered to less than 4, the proposed reaction can effectively oxidize the organic molecules at neutral pH and could avoid the initial acidification which may be costly and destructive for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater and soils. The green rust reactivity towards the oxidative transformation of phenol was thoroughly evaluated by performing a large kinetic study, chemical analyses, and spectroscopic investigations. 相似文献36.
M. A. K. Khalil R. A. Rasmussen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):159-163
The use of trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F or F-11) in rigid closed cell polyurethane foams has risen dramatically during the past decade and now constitutes one of the major applications of this fluorocarbon, whereas previously aerosol spray cans consumed most of the production of F-11. Our study shows that F-11 remains in the foams for a very long time, perhaps for a hundred years or more, if the foams remain Intact. While in the past F-11 was released relatively soon after it was produced, now polyurethane insulating foams may constitute a growing reservoir from which F-11 will slowly and persistently leak Into the atmosphere for as long as the foams are in use. Although uncertainties remain, we estimate that in the next 50 years it is probable that as much F-11 will be tied up in foams as in the entire atmosphere at present. 相似文献
37.
Rumana Tasmin Yohei Shimasaki Michito Tsuyama Xuchun Qiu Fatma Khalil Nozomu Okino Naotaka Yamada Shinji Fukuda Ik-Joon Kang Yuji Oshima 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1064-1070
In the actual environment, temperatures fluctuate drastically through season or global warming and are thought to affects risk of pollutants for aquatic biota; however, there is no report about the effect of water temperature on toxicity of widely used herbicide diuron to fresh water microalgae. The present research investigated inhibitory effect of diuron on growth and photosynthetic activity of a green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata at five different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) for 144 h of exposure. As a result, effective diuron concentrations at which a 50 % decrease in algal growth occurred was increased with increasing water temperature ranging from 9.2 to 20.1 μg L–1 for 72 h and 9.4–28.5 μg L–1 for 144 h. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v/F m ratio) was significantly reduced at all temperatures by diuron exposure at 32 μg L–1 after 72 h. Inhibition rates was significantly increased with decreased water temperature (P?<?0.01). Intracellular H2O2 levels as an indicator of oxidative stress were also decreased with increasing temperature in both control and diuron treatment groups and were about 2.5 times higher in diuron treatment groups than that of controls (P?<?0.01). Our results suggest water temperatures may affect the toxicokinetics of diuron in freshwater and should therefore be considered in environmental risk assessment. 相似文献
38.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Processes based on chemical oxidation are widely used for environmental remediation. Analysis of environmental samples such as soils often requires a freeze-drying... 相似文献
39.
Christian Vandenberghe Alexandra Panaccio Kathleen Bentein Karim Mignonac Patrice Roussel Ahmed Khalil Ben Ayed 《组织行为杂志》2019,40(3):264-281
Building on the broaden‐and‐build theory and research on the negativity bias, this study examines how trait affectivity, as a stable predisposition predicting the pattern of emotional responding, shapes newcomers' perceptions of supervisor support and experience of organizational commitment. Using latent growth modeling and data collected at four points in time from newcomers (N = 158), we found the initial level of perceived supervisor support to mediate a negative relationship between negative affectivity and the level of commitment. Moreover, although newcomers experienced a general decrease in perceived supervisor support and a related decrease in commitment, those with high positive affectivity experienced a weaker decrease in perceived supervisor support, which led to a weaker decrease in commitment. Incidentally, positive affectivity was also positively related to the initial level of commitment. Two post hoc studies indicated that positive and negative affectivity exerted their effects controlling for state affect and replicated the relationship between change in perceived support and commitment. We discuss how these findings inform our understanding of trait affectivity's influence on newcomers' work attitudes. 相似文献
40.
P. Noorunnisa Khanam H. P. S. Abdul Khalil G. Ramachandra Reddy S. Venkata Naidu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):115-119
In this study, effect of fibre surface treatment on tensile, flexural and chemical resistance properties were studied for
sisal fibre reinforced composites. Natural ligno cellulosic sisal fibre reinforced composites were prepared by different surface
treatments by hand lay-up method. Fibre surface treatments were carried out to produce good interface between the fibre and
the matrix to improve the mechanical properties. Fibre surface treatments were done by boiled the sisal fibres in different
% of NaOH and treated the fibres in different % of NaOH, treated in acetic acid and methanol. Unsaturated polyester resin
was used as the matrix for preparing the composites. For comparison, these properties for untreated sisal fibre reinforced
composites were also studied. From the results it was observed that 18% aqueous NaOH boiled sisal fibre reinforced composites
have higher tensile, flexural properties than other composites. Untreated sisal fibre composites show lower properties than
treated composites. Chemical resistance properties indicate that all sisal fibre reinforced composites are resistance to all
chemicals except carbon tetra chloride. The tests are carried out as per the ASTM standards. 相似文献