政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

根据道路交通碳排放的影响机理,提出同时把上游燃料供应企业、中游汽车生产企业、下游汽车使用者同时作为道路交通碳交易的责任主体,设计了政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,包括碳配额总量设定、初始碳配额分配、行业基准设定、履约考核、市场交易以及监测报告核查等制度.通过案例与情景分析揭示了道路交通碳交易的多主体协同作用机理：在政府对于碳配额总量和行业基准的调控下,燃料供应企业将通过改变燃料成分来降低燃料排放因子;汽车生产企业将通过提高汽车燃油经济性和新能源汽车比例来降低汽车能耗强度;汽车使用者将通过减少车辆行驶里程降低交通需求或者购买使用新能源汽车.本文所提出的政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,可以分别从上游、中游、下游促进道路交通碳排放的3个关键影响因素——燃料排放因子、汽车能耗强度、交通活动需求协同优化,能够有效控制道路交通温室气体排放增长,进而加速“碳达峰”的实现和“碳中和”的转型.     

RBF神经网络在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用

运用MATLAB软件的K均值聚类算法结合神经网络工具箱,通过建立RBF神经网络对郑汴路圃田—杏花营段路旁土壤进行了评价。结果表明,土壤重金属积累峰值污染峰值多出现在距路基50m范围以内,并随着距路基距离的增加,污染程度逐渐下降。风力因素和邻近铁路对路段两侧土壤重金属污染影响较大,且公路运营时间越早,对两侧土壤污染越严重。杏花营断面土壤质量以Ⅱ级为主,北侧断面土壤质量多为Ⅲ级。圃田断面各样点综合评价结果均为Ⅱ级,整体质量优于杏花营断面。RBF神经网络评价方法具有计算速度快,评价结果客观等优点。     

基于BP神经网络的义水河水环境质量评价研究

水质质量涉及多个影响因子,因子间大多具有非线性相关性,因此,水质评价是一个具有多因子的非线性系统。人工神经网络具有非线性映射的特点,能够有效地处理非线性相关问题,将其应用于水质评价中能够获得更为准确的信息。文章以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、石油类等6个指标作为评价因子,通过构造BP网络模型对义水河水质进行评价,分析了义水河4个断面的水质状况,并与单因子评价法结果进行了比较分析。     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic in vitro evaluation of ivermectin and its formulation ivomec® on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126™) cells

Genotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) and its commercial formulation ivomec® (IVM 1.0%) were studied on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126?) cells by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) while cytotoxicity was determined by cell-cycle progression (CCP), proliferative rate index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red (NR) endpoints within a 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. While IVM and ivomec® did not markedly affect SCE frequencies, these agents induced DNA-strand breaks enhancing both slightly damaged and damaged cells at 25–50 and 5–50 µg mL^?1 IVM and ivomec®, respectively. Both compounds exerted a delay in CCP and reduction of PRI at 10 µg mL^?1. Cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations higher than 25 µg mL^?1. A marked reduction of about 98% and 94% of MI compared to controls was noted with 25 µg mL^?1 of IVM and ivomec®, respectively. NR and MTT assays revealed that both compounds induced a cell growth inhibition within the 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. Data indicated that IVM and ivomec® exert both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in insect cells in vitro, at least in A. albopictus larvae CCL-126? cells.     

Impaired phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by increased phospholipase B activity induced by 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone

Tobacco products and cigarette smoke cause many respiratory diseases including cancer. 4-(Methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke, but its effect on lipid metabolism remains enigmatic. Hence, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was exposed to different concentrations of NNK (0–400?µmol?L^?1) to elucidate its role in lipid metabolism. Exposure to NNK substantially decreases (about 60%) of the phospholipid content with a concomitant increase in lysophospholipids. Significant reduction was observed in the phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with NNK-treated cells. On the contrary, cells accumulated significant amount of neutral lipids and free fatty acids. Exposure of yeast cells (wild-type cells and three plbΔ mutant strains) to NNK greatly enhances the hydrolysis of phospholipid in the presence of calcium. We are the first to report that exposure to NNK enhances phospholipase B (PLB), particularly plb1p activity. Furthermore, NNK also promotes the alteration of phospholipid fatty acid (FA) content. These results suggest that NNK aids in the degradation of phospholipids by enhanced PLB activity and is accompanied with FA alteration. Understanding the altered phospholipid metabolism in the presence of NNK remains a worthy pursuit.     

煤矿作业人员人因可靠性的径向基神经网络评价模型研究

依据人因可靠性原理、事故致因理论,结合煤矿生产系统的特点,提出了观测可靠度的概念,确立了一系列便于统计和赋值的人因可靠性评价指标。针对人因失误事件过程的动态性、复杂性以及数据的不完整性,利用径向基（RBF）神经网络学习速度快、抗干扰能力强的特点,建立了基于RBF神经网络的煤矿作业人员人因可靠性评价模型。对于岗位工龄短或有效记录不足的煤矿作业人员,利用训练好的RBF神经网络模型进行人因可靠性评价,经过实例验算证实了模型的可信性。     

我国碳交易试点政策的减排效应及地区差异

基于连续性双重差分等方法,评估2004～2017年我国碳交易试点政策的减排效应及地区差异,并分析其作用机制.结果显示,碳交易政策能使试点地区的碳排放强度下降9.5％,碳市场规模?活跃度每增加1％,将分别带来试点地区碳排放强度下降0.9％和0.7％.异质性影响上,碳交易政策对东中部地区的减排效应明显,对西部地区无明显作用...     

建筑网络火灾烟气流动稳定性及其控制分析

将建筑作为一个网络整体考虑,研究分析了火灾烟气流动机理,讨论了火灾烟气的热膨胀效应、烟囱效应及室外风力对建筑网络空气和烟气流动的影响.从质量守恒定律讨论了多层建筑中和面的位置及其影响因素,指出控制多层建筑中和面的方法和途径.通过建筑网络回路能量守恒方程,讨论了烟囱效应对建筑网络风流的影响,建筑网络火灾烟气流动的稳定性及合理的烟气控制措施.     

淄博煤矿区矿井水的化学形成及其模拟

研究矿井水形成过程，对于防治采矿活动引起水环境污染具有重要意义，以淄博煤矿区矿井水为例，分析其形成过程并利用化学平衡热力学法对其进行模拟。结果表明，矿井水的形成分为产酸过程与中和过程；矿井水的化学性状是由两过程相对作用程度确定；该矿区矿井水的硫酸根源于黄铁矿氧化，钙、镁离子不是来自通常认为的方解石与白云石，而是方解石和绿泥石。     

基于人工神经网络方法的水质预测初探

常规的水质预测模型因存在许多简化与假定而限制了其精度与实用性的提高.文章通过引入神经网络技术来建立水质预测模型,分别采用LM算法和RBF算法来提高预测的精度.结果表明,在建立三门峡水库流量和水质的输入响应关系模型的实际应用中,RBF算法取得了较好的预测效果.