农田NO排放的自动观测

详细介绍农田ＮＯ排放自动观测的方法原理,系统整体构造及电路和气路配置,并讨论了观测结果的可靠性。同地,还就已取得的一些初步研究结果进行了分析,对华东秋,冬季麦田的ＮＯ排放进行自动连续观测的结果表明,秋季麦田的ＮＯ排放具有与温度几乎完全同步的日变化规律。     

Ru/ZrO2催化剂高温焙烧对NO催化氧化反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载Ru催化剂,并将其应用于NO催化氧化反应.同时,对Ru/ZrO2样品在不同温度下进行焙烧处理,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对不同温度焙烧的Ru/ZrO2进行表征,根据表征结果对导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性下降的原因进行了探讨.结果表明,Ru/ZrO2催化剂具有很好的催化活性,在空速为180000h-1条件下,275℃时即可获得93%的NO转化率.高温焙烧会导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性明显下降.     

Simultaneous oxidation of NO, SO2 and Hg0 from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge

A process capable of oxidizing NO, SO2 and Hg0 was proposed simultaneously, which utilized a high-voltage and short-duration positive pulsed corona discharge. By focusing on NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies, the influences of pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, initial concentration, electrode number, residence time and water vapor addition were investigated. The results indicate that NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies depend primarily on the radicals (OH, HO2, O) and the active species (O3, H2O2), etc. produced by the pulsed corona discharge. The NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies improved as increasing pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, electrode number and residence time, while they are reduced with an increasing initial concentration. By adding water vapor, SO2 oxidation efficiency is improved remarkably, while NO oxidation efficiency is decreased slightly. In our experiments, the simultaneous NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies reached to 40%, 98% and 55% with the initial concentrations 479 mg/m3, 1040 mg/m3, and 15.0 ug/m3, respectively.     

铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂的制备及其选择性催化还原NO的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一种新型催化剂——铁铈钛复合氧化物催化剂，研究了Fe掺加量、体积空速以及H2O和SO2的加入对其选择性催化还原NO性能的影响；采用XRD和SEM等手段对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征。表征结果显示，Fe的掺加使催化剂表面的颗粒更均匀，提高了催化剂的分散度。实验结果表明：以Ce（NO3）3，Fe（NO3）3?9H2O，TiOSO4?2H2O为原料、按n（Ce）∶n（Fe）∶n（Ti）=0.2∶0.8∶1配比制得的Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx为催化剂，在反应温度250 ℃、反应时间3 h、体积空速25 000 h-1的条件下，NO去除率为99.8%，N2选择性为100%；Fe的掺加显著提高了Ce0.2Fe0.8TiOx催化剂的抗H2O和SO2的能力。     

长期定位施用牛粪对夏玉米-冬小麦体系农田N2O和NO排放的影响

利用静态暗箱法对关中平原27 a长期定位施肥农田氧化亚氮(N_2O)和一氧化氮(NO)排放通量进行周年(2017年6月到2018年6月)观测,目的是阐明N_2O和NO的排放特征及其影响因子,定量评估施用牛粪对气体排放的影响.田间试验采用随机区组试验设计,设置3种处理.对照(CK)处理全年不施肥.全化肥(NPK)和化肥加牛粪(NPKM)处理全年施氮(N)量为353 kg·hm~(-2),其中夏玉米季为188 kg·hm~(-2),均为尿素N;冬小麦季为165 kg·hm~(-2),NPK处理全部为尿素N,而NPKM处理尿素N与牛粪N的比例为3∶7.结果表明,CK处理气体排放通量较低且无明显季节变化,NPK和NPKM处理气体排放高峰主要与施肥和灌溉有关,N_2O和NO排放最高峰值分别为103. 0 g·( hm~2·d)~(-1)和71. 0 g·( hm~2·d)~(-1),均出现在NPKM处理玉米季.当土壤温度高于20℃时,NPK和NPKM中NO/N_2O比均与土壤充水孔隙度呈显著负相关关系(P 0. 01),说明土壤温度和水分含量共同影响气体排放.各处理N_2O年排放量分别为0. 21、2. 32和2. 15 kg·hm~(-2),NPK与NPKM处理间差异不显著(P=0. 74); NO年排放量分别为0. 23、0. 80和1. 46 kg·hm~(-2),NPK和NPKM处理间差异显著(P 0. 05).说明长期施用牛粪对N_2O排放无影响,但可显著增加NO排放.     

水体中亚硝酸盐的光降解

一定浓度的亚硝酸盐溶液经太阳光模拟器照射一定时间后,观测溶液中亚硝酸盐的含量变化.改变溶液条件（介质、pH）和光照条件（时间、光强）等实验条件,同时进行黑暗对照实验,探求影响亚硝酸盐光解的因素和规律.结果表明,在光照的8 h内,时间越长亚硝酸盐的降解率越大,基本符合一级反应动力学曲线;光照强度越大亚硝酸盐的降解程度越大...     

Cu-ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂上同时消除烃和NO的研究

利用水热合成技术在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上原位合成分子筛,分别通过离子交换法和浸渍法制备了整体式Cu-ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂,以丙烷为还原剂,在模拟柴油机尾气系统中评价了两类催化剂消除烃和NO的性能.结果表明,晶化时间48 h时,原位合成的ZSM-5/堇青石催化剂载体表面有形状规则的ZSM-5晶核生成,且具有较好的牢固度...     

微纳米气液分散体系吸收NO

以模拟烟气为气源,去离子水为水源,通过微纳米气泡发生器形成微纳米气液分散体系,吸收模拟烟气中的NO,考察了多种因素对脱硝率(η)和气相体积总传质系数(KGa)的影响,分析了微纳米气液分散体系吸收NO的反应机理。结果表明:η和KGa随着进气NO体积分数和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)质量浓度的提高而下降;随着吸收液初始pH的提高先降低后升高;随着进气O_2体积分数的增大而提高;随着吸收液温度的升高先提高后降低;控制进气NO体积分数为0.06%时,在吸收液初始pH为2.0、吸收剂为去离子水、吸收液温度为25℃、进气O_2体积分数为10%的最佳条件下,脱硝率可达81.0%。微纳米气液分散体系是通过产生羟基自由基从而对NO进行氧化吸收的。     

Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two di erent analysis methods

Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.     

La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)系列催化剂的合成、表征及NO分解催化性能的研究

合成了x值不同的 La_2.x_Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)(x=0.0—1.0)系列复合氧化物催化剂.用XRD、IR,XPS和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构进行了表征,并对NO分解的催化性能和作用机理进行了研究.结果表明:在x=0.0—1.0范围内.所有样品都具有A_2BO_4结构.发现NO分解活性与氧空位(缺陷)的浓度有关,与不同价态的Cu离子含量之间无直接关系.