超临界水氧化技术研究进展

超临界水氧化技术是一种新兴的、高效的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景。该方法具有独特的技术性和经济性。主要介绍超临界氧化技术的研究现状、应用领域,同时指出存在的问题和对策及发展前景分析。     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes

Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 （AR-79） and Acid Red 80 （AR-80）. Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial ceils showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR- 80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.     

Molecular characterization and developmental expression patterns of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and their responsiveness to TR agonist and antagonist in Rana nigromaculata

Considering some advantages of Rana nigromaculata as an experimental species, we propose that this species, like Xenopus laevis, could be used to assay thyroid hormone（TH） signaling disrupting actions. To validate the utilizability of R. nigromaculata, we investigated the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to a TH receptor（TR） agonist（T3） and antagonist（amiodarone） by analyzing expression, based on characterizing TR cDNA and developmental expression patterns. With high levels of identity with the corresponding genes in X. laevis, both TRα and TRβ in R. nigromaculata exhibited roughly similar developmental expression patterns to those of X. laevis, in spite of some species-specific differences. Both TRα and TRβ expression had greater changes in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis. T3 exposure for 2 days induced more dramatic increases of TRβ expression in stage 27 than in stage34 tadpoles but not in stage 42 tadpoles, showing that the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to TH decreased with development and disappeared at the onset of metamorphic climax.Corresponding to greater changes of TRβ expression in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis, the liver and intestine had higher responsiveness to exogenous T3 than the tail and brain. Amiodarone inhibited T3-induced TRβ expression. Our results show that R. nigromaculata can be used as a model species for assaying TH signaling disrupting actions by analyzing TRβ expression, and intestine tissues at stage 27 are ideal test materials due to high responsiveness and easy accessibility.     

TiO2/粉煤灰光催化降解双氯芬酸钠研究

以燃煤电厂外排的废弃物粉煤灰(CFA)为载体,采用混合泥浆法将TiO2负载在CFA的表面,得到一种新型的复合光催化剂TiO2/CFA.对TiO2/CFA进行了扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和氮吸附测试,并以双氯芬酸钠的光催化降解为评价手段,研究了TiO2负载量对TiO2/CFA光催化性能及重复使用性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2负载量的增加有助于提高TiO2/CFA的光催化性能,但当TiO2负载量过高时,CFA上的TiO2在水处理过程中容易脱落,对TiO2/CFA光催化剂的重复使用性能不利.本研究中,最佳的TiO2负载量约为50%,循环使用6次,其光催化降解效率没有明显降低,双氯芬酸钠的降解率均可达70%以上.     

非洲水资源危机与乍得湖水问题

人类已迈入21世纪,非洲以它在新世纪实现经济复兴的曙光,它对经济全球化过程的作用和影响,及其市场潜力和投资前景,引起了世界各国学者、企业家和政治家的关注。20世纪90年代以来,非洲经济形势好转,已经开始把一个富有巨大潜力和无限商机的非洲市场展现在世界面前。非洲水资源在非洲经济的腾飞中占据着重要地位。非洲,位于东半球的西南部,地跨赤     

基于RS和GIS的黄冈市湿地动态变化研究

为推进黄冈市湿地资源可持续利用与有效管理,运用RS和GIS对2000年、2010年黄冈市的遥感影像进行信息解译和提取,确定了湿地类型的面积和分布状况,并结合动态度模型分析了湿地类型的动态变化及其驱动力。研究2表明2000~2010年黄冈市湿地总面积减少了1 200.29 km,尤其是河湖湿地、水稻田和沼泽湿地减少较多;各湿地类型双向变化率都较小,而建设用地却高达12.21%,湿地受人为活动干扰明显;社会经济发展对天然湿地的不合理开发占用以及湿地自身演化、气候变化是湿地变化的重要驱动力。     

四川省环保服务业发展思路和对策研究

作为与环境相关的服务贸易活动,环保服务业是战略新兴产业、现代服务业和环保产业的有机和重要组成部分,其比重提升是环保产业走向成熟的标志。同时,环保服务业转型升级是扩大内需、转变经济发展方式的需要。四川省环保服务业也面临国内外的激励竞争,只有环保服务业的国际化,才能顺应发展趋势,更好迎接挑战。本文通过对四川省环保服务业的现状进行分析,针对四川省环保服务业整体亟待完善的发展特点,对其发展思路和对策提出见解。     

浙江省碳排放与经济增长的脱钩关系及驱动因素研究

运用IPCC参考方法、Tapio脱钩模型、协整分析和Granger因果检验,研究了浙江碳排放特征及其驱动因素.结果表明:碳排放量呈增长趋势,碳排放强度呈下降趋势,多数年份碳排放与经济增长之间呈"弱脱钩"状态;经济增长、外贸和人口增长对碳排放正向驱动,能源效率和城市化对碳排放负向驱动;经济增长、外贸、城市化和人口增长是引起碳排放增长的单向Granger原因,能源效率与碳排放互为Granger原因.     

海洋开发活动环境影响的公众调查与反馈研究——以厦门海域某清淤整治工程为例

随着海洋经济的快速发展,海洋开发活动环境影响评价的公众参与工作也越来越重要.厦门市是中国沿海经济特区之一,文章以厦门海域清淤整治工程的环境影响评价公众参与调查与反馈过程为案例,通过对该项目公众调查和反馈的过程,分析了海洋环境影响评价在实施公众参与时可能面临和需要解决问题:该项目由于及时召开了补充座谈会并通过专题调查报告的形式解决了公众的疑问,同时应公众的要求业主做好环保措施.通过对公众意见的调查与反馈,可以使海洋开发项目真正达到经济、社会、环境效益协调统一.