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41.
K. -W. Schramm 《Chemosphere》1994,28(12):2151-2171
A mathematical model UNITRISK which can be used for screening purposes and risk ranking was set up to calculate relative risk values of single chemicals and mixtures of chemicals towards single or mixtures of organisms via contamination of air, water, soil and food dose. The concentration values are calculated by applying the fugacity concept or a dose must be defined. The dose-response is assumed to be linear versus concentration and degradative processes are not considered which is the worst case. The assumption that equilibria between the environmental phases exist is simplifying the model and is also representing the worst case. A mean risk factor is calculated which is 1 if the endpoint values (LC50, LD50, ADI, etc.) are exceeded for the investigated organisms and man. 相似文献
42.
辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中重金属及多环芳烃污染特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为全面了解辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物污染状况,2004年在省内选取了5个城市进行分季节采样,并对颗粒物中重金属元素含量和美国优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量研究。结果表明,大气PM10和PM2.5中重金属元素和PAHs污染较重,且冬季高于其它季节,重金属元素和PAHs主要富集在PM2.5及以下细小颗粒物中。 相似文献
43.
本文报导了大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的一种测定方法和结果。颗粒物预处理方法是:超声萃取,抽滤,减压蒸发浓缩,硅胶柱净化,再浓缩,定容溶解。用高效液相色谱法分离和鉴定。对西南石油学院5个功能区冬季大气颗粒物中的苯并(a)芘等9种多环芳烃的分布状况进行了实测,苯并(a)芘平均含量为26ng/m~3,为国外一些大城市冬季值的三倍,为国内一些大城市冬季污染值的二分之一。 相似文献
44.
Eric Lichtfouse Valérie Sappin-Didier Laurence Denaix Giovanni Caria Laure Metzger Najat Amellal-Nassr Jens Schmidt 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(3):140-144
We studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crop soils amended with 1000 tonnes dry weight of sewage sludges per
10,000 m2 from 1974 to 1992, then after sludges addition from 1993 to 1999. The absence of variations of total PAHs levels of control
soils, averaging at 123 μg/Kg, shows the absence of horizontal contamination. During sludges addition, the total PAHs levels
in amended soils increased from 232 to 402 μg/Kg. Seven years after sludges addition, it decreased to 275 μg/Kg, which is
still more than twice –the levels of control soils. This finding shows that sludges PAHs are preserved in crop soils for long
periods of time, on a human scale. 相似文献
45.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been recognised as potential carcinogens in animals in which biotransformation into reactive metabolites can lead to DNA damage. In animals PAHs metabolism mainly occurs in hepatic microsomes and is associated with the cytochrome p-450 mediated mixed functional oxidase (MFO) system. PAH metabolism in plants has been shown to occur via a similar enzyme system, but has received relatively little attention. This study is looking at how the plant species Plantago lanceolata metabolises benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is one of the PAHs whose metabolism has been studied extensively in animals. The aim of the work is to establish firstly that the B(a)P is taken up and secondly that it is biotransformed by the plant to products possibly similar to those found in animals. This work is achieved by using C-14-B(a)P along with whole body autoradiography, scintillation analysis and chromatography techniques to locate the B(a)P and its metabolites. 相似文献
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The yield of PCDD/F in relation to the presence of oxygenated PAH in model waste incinerator flyash has been investigated in a fixed bed laboratory scale reactor. Experiments were undertaken by thermal treatment of the model flyash at 250 and 350 °C under a simulated flue gas stream for 2 h. After reaction, the PCDD/F content of the reacted flyash and the PCDD/F released into the exhaust gas, and subsequently trapped by XAD-II resin in a down-stream condensation system were analyzed. The PAHs investigated were, dibenzofuran and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan and were spiked onto the model flyash as reactant precursors for PCDD/F formation. The results showed significant formation of furans from both of the PAH investigated, however except from some highly chlorinated dioxin congeners, the formation of dioxins was not so common. Benzonaphthofuran was significantly more reactive than dibenzofuran in PCDD/F formation, in spite of the fact that dibenzofuran is structurally more similar to that of PCDD/F. Thus, there was no clear attribution between the chemical structure of PAH used and the formation of PCDD/F. There were considerable differences between the yields of PCDD/F congeners in the gaseous species and those in the reacted flyash under the same operational conditions. The concentration of PCDD/Fs was reduced at the higher reaction temperature of 350 °C; however, the higher temperature resulted in the majority of the PCDD/F formed on the flyash being released into the gas phase. 相似文献
50.
M. Ianistcki C. Sauer J. da Silva 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2037-2042
The purpose of this study was to biomonitor metropolitan areas of Porto Alegre (Brazil) for PAHs associated with atmospheric particles and check their effects on the DNA of the land mollusk Helix aspersa. The sampling sites are located in an urban area with heavy traffic: (i) Canoas, (ii) Sapucaia do Sul, and (iii) FIERGS/Porto Alegre. The samples were collected during a continuous period of 24 hours during 15 days using Stacked Filter Units (SFU) on polycarbonate filters (two separated size fractions: PM10-2.5 and PM<2.5). The concentrations of 16 major PAHs were determined according to EPA. Comet assay on H. aspersa hemolymph cells was chosen for genotoxicity evaluation. This evaluation shows that, in general, the smaller PM-size fractions (PM<2.5) have the highest genotoxicity and contain higher concentrations of extractable organic matter. In addition, associations between chemical characteristics and PM carcinogenicity tend to be stronger for the smaller PM-size fractions. 相似文献