籼粳杂种不育突变体91FS育性特征和RAPD及RFLP分析

91FS是一个稳定遗传的籼粳杂种水稻新型不育突变体，育性特征表现为，雌雄配子和受精过程正常，约25%的受精卵发育成胚，约75%的受精卵终止发育，与91FS群体约25%的结实率吻合，而且六代保持不变；91FS的RAPD和RFLP的谱带六代保持稳定和一致，与91FS的杂种性状和育性表达的稳定性也是吻合的；91FS与籼粳杂种可育材料91FM和以91FS为父本的杂交F     

利用RAPD技术分析兰属（Cymbidium）品种间的亲缘关系

本文利用RAPD技术来检测兰属13个品种间的亲缘关系。通过对55种10个碱基随机引物的筛选，其中4种引物能得到重复性、稳定性较高扩增产物，四种引物共扩增出93条多态性带，多态率为100％，根据RAPD标记进行邻体聚类分析，表明兰属各种间的亲缘关系与形态学分类结果不完全一致。实验结果认为RAPD技术可用于兰属植物的系统学研究。图2表3参13     

水稻籼粳杂种雌性不育突变体91FS及其双亲的RAPD分析

以水稻籼粳杂种雌性不育突变体91FS及其双亲籼稻涪江2号和粳稻02428为材料进行RAPD分析.从检测过的100个引物中发现有10个引物扩增出多态性产物，表明91FS既承袭了双亲的遗传物质，又发生了新的变异，这为91FS的水稻籼粳杂种真实性提供了分子水平上的证据。     

潍坊、花园口土样中土著大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究

采用１６Ｓ－２３Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ间隔区段（ＩＧＳ）ＲＦＬＰ分析和ＰＡＰＤ分析技术，分别对分离自山东潍坊和河南郑州花园口的２４株土著大豆根瘤菌进行２多样性分析。结果一 ７０％的相似性水平上，依ＩＧＳ－ＲＦＬＰ分析可将供试菌株分为１０群，依ＲＡＰＤ分析可将供试菌株分为８群。综合两种分析技术在５０５的相似性水平上将供试菌株分为潍坊群和花园口群。 在系统发育和分子进行上有明显的地理分隔作用。     

基于RAPD技术检测不同烃链长度咪唑基离子液体对日本三角涡虫的遗传毒性

RAPD标记通常用于遗传作图、分类和系统发育研究,该技术也可用于检测DNA损伤或突变。本研究利用RAPD技术检测了4种不同烃链长度的咪唑基离子液体对日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)的遗传毒性。在20条随机引物中共筛选出11条用于RAPD扩增,其中对照组共扩增出65条带。与对照组相比,离子液体处理组的RAPD图谱变化表现在条带亮度增强或减弱以及新带的出现和正常带的消失。各处理组多态性带及变异带的总数随离子液体烃链碳原子数增加而增加,而基因组模板稳定性则随离子液体烃链长度增加而降低,这说明咪唑基离子液体对涡虫有遗传毒性,且随着离子液体烃链长度增加其对涡虫的遗传毒性增强。同时研究结果也证明RAPD分析是一种检测环境污染物对动物DNA损伤的灵敏方法。     

RAPD Marker and Substrate Utilization Pattern Applied to Study Microbial Community Diversity in the Soil Affected by Agricultural Chemicals

Abstract

Present analyses of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Biolog GN substrate utilization pattern are combined to further study the diversity of microbial communities in four soils affected by agricultural chemicals. The results showed that the four soil microbial communities were apparently distinguishable in the diversity at RAPD level in terms of the richness and modified richness in the summer, which supports our previous report using the same soils in winter. A significant difference for the average well color development (AWCD) at 72 h incubation was found among the soils in winter using Biolog GN substrate utilization pattern, but this difference was not found among the soils in summer. However, Shannon-Weaver indices for microbial communities in the summer soils polluted by agricultural chemicals were significantly higher than those in winter at metabolic level; in contrast, no significant difference existed between the two seasons for microbial communities in the soil without chemical pollution. Present results suggest that the combined approach using RAPD and substrate utilization pattern could be used to effectively quantify microbial community diversity and its changes among the seasons in the soils affected by agricultural chemicals, simultaneously at molecular and physiological levels.     

利用RAPD标记分析卧龙自然保护区不同海拔沙棘种群的遗传变异

从1800m到3400m五个海拔连续取样,用RAPD分子标记研究了卧龙自然保护区中国沙棘种群的遗传结构和遗传变异.用11条寡核苷酸引物,扩增得到151个重复性好的位点,其中143个多态位点,多态率达94.7%.在5个沙棘种群中,总遗传多样性值(HT)为0.289,B种群内的遗传多样性值为0.315,这完全符合沙棘这种多年生、远交的木本植物高遗传变异的特性.5个种群内遗传多样性随海拔升高呈低—高—低变异趋势,在2200m海拔处的B种群遗传多样性达最大值0.315,3400m海拔处的E种群则表现最小,仅0.098.5个种群间的遗传分化值GST=0.406,也即是说有40.6%的遗传变异存在于种群间,59.4%存在种群内.1800m海拔处的A种群与其他种群的明显分离是造成种群间遗传分化大的原因.UPGMA聚类图和PCoA散点图分别进一步确证了5个种群间关系和所有个体间的关系.最后,经过Mantel检测,遗传距离与海拔表现了明显的相关性(r=0.646,P=0.011).     

RAPD分子标记在鉴定香樟优选株和普通株中的应用

从85个随机引物中选10个随机引物对8个香樟样品的DNA进行了扩增，应用RAPD技术区别6个优选株和2个普通株，共获得78个DNA片断，把这些DNA片断作为遗传位点用UPCMA法计算出各材料间的遗传相似性系数，并作了聚类分析．在D＝0．738处8个样品分为两大类，而且普通株同优选株的亲缘关系很近．图2表2参9     

Evidences showing 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron-induced DNA damage in cyanobacteria and detection by PCR

The impact of 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in inducing DNA damage in three species of cyanobacteria-Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima, and Westiellopsis prolifica as evidenced by PCR-based assays: RAPD and 16S rRNA amplification was examined. Exposure of genomic DNA (in vitro) to pencycuron for 4 days did not produce severe damage in DNA fragments of all three cyanobacterial species whereas exposure to 2,4-D ethyl ester markedly inhibited the template activity of genomic DNA compared to untreated cultures of A. fertilissima. In A. fertilissima a single band of approximately 1000?bp was observed even after 16 days of exposure to 60?ppm pencycuron which suggests that certain segments of DNA are resistant to pencycuron DNA damaging effects. However, a significant effect was observed in the case of W. prolifica for 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron where complete disappearance of fragments was not recorded even after 16 days of incubation and interestingly some new DNA bands were induced. Similar to the effects with RAPD profile, amplification of rRNA was significantly inhibited following exposure of genomic DNA to 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron. Our findings clearly demonstrate that pesticide concentrations affected cyanobacterial DNA and lethality of these microbes might be due to irreversible DNA damage. Thus, it is postulated that PCR assays may be conveniently used for screening DNA damage produced by 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in all three cyanobacteria examined in this study.