人工合成P型沸石对NH4^＋交换特性研究

应用由粉煤灰合成的P型沸石研究对NH_4~ 交换的热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,P型沸石阳离子交换总量为264meq/100g,在其整个阳离子组成范围内对进入的NH_4~ 具有高的选择交换性,该交换过程能自发沿着正方向进行,随着温度的增高,其交换能力也增强。Na~ =NH_4~ 交换过程具有较优越的动力学特性,在16℃和32℃时,P型沸石中NH_4~ 自扩散系数分别为7.14×10~(-10)和1.12×10~(-9)cm~2·s~(-1);活化能为20.74kJ·mol~(-1);活化熵分别为-88.26和-88.71J·(mol·°K)~(-1);自由能分别为43.85和45.26kJ·mol~(-1)。     

燃煤电厂灰场排水除氟研究

本文研究了采用天然斜发沸石—硫酸铝钾体系对燃煤电厂灰场排水中氟的吸附效果及影响因素,并对吸附与再生过程的机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明,天然斜发沸石—硫酸铝钾体系除氟效果良好,运行成本也比较低。     

吸附法处理模拟含磷废水

以天然沸石、膨润土为基材,经镁、铝等处理并活化而得的FMA、BMA吸附剂,对磷有较高的吸附能力,其动态吸附容量大于17mg·g~(-1),磷的去除率都在95%以上,吸附后的FMA可用Na_2CO_3、NaOH(5%)洗脱,洗脱率达100%,吸附后的BMA可用Al_2(SO_4)_3(10%)洗脱,洗脱率达81.8%     

天然沸石去除氨氮研究

研究了生物膜、悬浮物对天然沸石去除氨氮的影响及其沸石去除氨氮的主要途径。结果表明，沸石去除氨氮主要是离子交换作用，吸附很小，可忽略不计；由于生物膜对氨氮的同化作用，使得有生物膜的沸石对氨氮的交换容量高于无生物膜，其等温交换曲线换符合Freundlich吸附等温式：y/m=KC^l/n；沸石的吸附容量随着悬浮物浓度增高而降低，2者呈负指数关系；悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响主要在孔扩散控制阶段，在膜扩散控制阶段影响较小；如果停留时间较短（少于3h)，悬浮物对沸石离子交换的影响不大。     

沸石粉吸氨性能影响因素研究

研究了粒径、起始氨氮浓度、钾钠等阳离子、pH值、温度、城市污水有机物等因素对沸石粉吸附氨氮能力的影响,为沸石粉的应用奠定理论基础。结果表明粒径、起始氨氮浓度、钾钠阳离子等对沸石粉吸附氨氮有较大影响。     

Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash. ● Porous silica is synthesized out of coal fly ash. ● No residues is produced during the whole synthesis process. ● The one-step method to synthesize silica don’t need long-time reaction and aging. Ordered mesoporous silica materials exhibit enormous potential in industrial production. Since coal fly ash (CFA) is abundant in Si, it has become a green and promising way to utilize CFA by synthesizing porous silica materials. However, the stable crystalline structure of CFA limits the extraction of Si, and the residue is generated during the process of extracting Si. In this work, we proposed a no-residue method to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica out of CFA. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used to reconstruct the crystals of the CFA, and the calcined mixture then directly reacted with the precipitators. This method combined the process of Si extraction and porous material synthesis. In this method, no residue was generated and the silicon in both amorphous and crystalline phases of CFA was fully utilized. By this method, the extraction efficiency of Si was increased from 31.75% to nearly 100%. The as-synthesized mesoporous silica had a highly-ordered pore structure with a space group of la-3d, a surface area of 663.87 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.73 nm. The mechanism of crystalline transformation and material structure formation were systematically studied. This method provides a new idea to dispose of CFA and synthesize porous silica materials.     

Antifungal activities against toxigenic Fusarium specie and deoxynivalenol adsorption capacity of ion-exchanged zeolites

Zeolites are often used as adsorbents materials and their loaded cations can be exchanged with metal ions in order to add antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to use the 4A zeolite and its derived ion-exchanged forms with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ in order to evaluate their antifungal properties against Fusarium graminearum, including their capacity in terms of metal ions release, conidia germination and the deoxynivalenol (DON) adsorption. The zeolites ion-exchanged with Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺ showed an excellent antifungal activity against F. graminearum, using an agar diffusion method, with a zone of inhibition observed around the samples of 45.3 ± 0.6 mm, 25.7 ± 1.5 mm, and 24.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Similar results using agar dilution method were found showing significant growth inhibition of F. graminearum for ion-exchanged zeolites with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺. The fungi growth inhibition decreased as zeolite-Cu²⁺>zeolite-Li⁺>zeolite-Co²⁺>zeolite-Zn²⁺. In addition, the conidia germination was strongly affected by ion-exchanged zeolites. With regard to adsorption capacity, results indicate that only zeolite-Li⁺ were capable of DON adsorption significantly (P < 0.001) with 37% at 2 mg mL^?1 concentration. The antifungal effects of the ion-exchanged zeolites can be ascribed to the interactions of the metal ions released from the zeolite structure, especially for zeolite-Li⁺, which showed to be a promising agent against F. graminearum and its toxin.     

我国沸石去除水中氨氮的现状研究

沸石是一种天然、有效、价廉的环境友好型材料,其对氨氮具有很强的选择吸附性。本文就国内在沸石去除水中氨氮的机理、影响因素、沸石的改性及沸石研究的发展等方面进行广泛探讨。阐述了国内沸石去除水中氨氮的应用现状和进展,并指出沸石的推广要依赖于沸石改性和与其他工艺的联用技术开发。     

Numerical parametric study on CO2 capture by indirect thermal swing adsorption

Post-combustion CO₂ capture remains one of the most-challenging issue to lower CO₂ emissions of existing power plants or heavy industry installations because of strong economy and energy efficiency aspects. The major issue comes from CO₂ dilution (4% for NGCC and 14% for PC) and the high flow rates to be treated. Furthermore, CO₂ purity has to be higher than 95% with recovery at 90%, to match the transportation/injection requirements.The MEA absorption process remains the reference today but its energy consumption (about 3 MJ/kg_CO2) and the amine consumption are still challenging drawbacks.The interest of CO₂ capture by indirect TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) was demonstrated experimentally in a previous work. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a numerical parametric study. Two main parameters are explored: the desorption temperature (100–200 °C) and the purge flow rate (0.1–0.5 Ndm³ min⁻¹). Four performance indicators are evaluated: CO₂ purity, recovery, productivity and specific energy consumption.Results show that purity above 95% can be achieved. Keeping the 95% target, it is possible to achieve recovery at 81% with productivity at 57.7 g_CO2/kg_ads h and a specific energy consumption of 3.23 MJ/kg_CO2, which is less than for the reference MEA process.Comparison with other adsorption processes exhibits that this process has good potential especially since some improvements are still expected from further research.     

Zeolite formation from coal fly ash and heavy metal ion removal characteristics of thus-obtained Zeolite X in multi-metal systems

Zeolitic materials have been prepared from coal fly ash as well as from a SiO₂–Al₂O₃ system upon NaOH fusion treatment, followed by subsequent hydrothermal processing at various NaOH concentrations and reaction times. During the preparation process, the starting material initially decomposed to an amorphous form, and the nucleation process of the zeolite began. The carbon content of the starting material influenced the formation of the zeolite by providing an active surface for nucleation. Zeolite A (Na-A) was transformed into zeolite X (Na-X) with increasing NaOH concentration and reaction time. The adsorption isotherms of the obtained Na-X based on the characteristics required to remove heavy ions such as Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were examined in multi-metal systems. Thus obtained experimental data suggests that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are more accurate compared to the Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) model. However, the sorption energy obtained from the DKR model was helpful in elucidating the mechanism of the sorption process. Further, in going from a single- to multi-metal system, the degree of fitting for the Freundlich model compared with the Langmuir model was favored due to its basic assumption of a heterogeneity factor. The Extended-Langmuir model may be used in multi-metal systems, but gives a lower value for equilibrium sorption compared with the Langmuir model.