Zeolite formation from coal fly ash and heavy metal ion removal characteristics of thus-obtained Zeolite X in multi-metal systems

Zeolitic materials have been prepared from coal fly ash as well as from a SiO₂–Al₂O₃ system upon NaOH fusion treatment, followed by subsequent hydrothermal processing at various NaOH concentrations and reaction times. During the preparation process, the starting material initially decomposed to an amorphous form, and the nucleation process of the zeolite began. The carbon content of the starting material influenced the formation of the zeolite by providing an active surface for nucleation. Zeolite A (Na-A) was transformed into zeolite X (Na-X) with increasing NaOH concentration and reaction time. The adsorption isotherms of the obtained Na-X based on the characteristics required to remove heavy ions such as Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were examined in multi-metal systems. Thus obtained experimental data suggests that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are more accurate compared to the Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) model. However, the sorption energy obtained from the DKR model was helpful in elucidating the mechanism of the sorption process. Further, in going from a single- to multi-metal system, the degree of fitting for the Freundlich model compared with the Langmuir model was favored due to its basic assumption of a heterogeneity factor. The Extended-Langmuir model may be used in multi-metal systems, but gives a lower value for equilibrium sorption compared with the Langmuir model.     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides over a modified silicoaluminophosphate commercial zeolite

Nitrogen oxides(NO_x:NO,NO_2)are a concern due to their adverse health effects.Diesel engine transport sector is the major emitter of NO_x.The regulations have been strengthened and to comply with them,one of the two methods commonly used is the selective catalytic reduction of NO_xby NH_3(NH_3-SCR),NH_3being supplied by the in-situ hydrolysis of urea.Efficiency and durability of the catalyst for this process are highly required.Durability is evaluated by hydrothermal treatment of the catalysts at temperature above 800°C.In this study,very active catalysts for the NH_3-SCR of NO_xwere prepared by using a silicoaluminophosphate commercial zeolite as copper host structure.Characterizations by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH_3-TPD)showed that this commercial zeolite was hydrothermally stable up to 850°C and,was able to retain some structural properties up to950°C.After hydrothermal treatment at 850°C,the NO_xreduction efficiency into NH_3-SCR depends on the copper content.The catalyst with a copper content of 1.25 wt.%was the most active.The difference in activity was much more important when using NO than the fast NO/NO_2reaction mixture.     

纳米TiO2/沸石/UV催化臭氧化水中硝基苯的研究

设计了O3/纳米TiO2/沸石（体系A）和O3/纳米TiO2/沸石/UV（体系B）2种催化臭氧化体系并将其用于处理水中的硝基苯,研究了影响处理效果的主要因素,并对2种方法进行了比较。结果表明,2种催化臭氧化体系都能产生大量的羟自由基,加速硝基苯的降解,其中体系B对硝基苯的降解效果最好。随着进气流量的增加、温度的升高硝基苯的降解速率都会加快。催化臭氧化反应速率遵循一级反应规律,与苯酚的初始浓度和催化剂的用量关系不大。pH值对苯酚去除率有重要的影响,随pH值的升高,苯酚去除率显著提高。叔丁醇对硝基苯的降解有很强的抑制作用。     

Bench-scale synthesis of zeolite A from subbituminous coal ashes with high crystalline silica content

In this present work, fly ash and bottom ash with high crystalline silica content were obtained from the coal-fired boilers within the paper industries in Thailand. These coal ashes were used as the basic raw materials for synthetic zeolite production. The crystal type and crystallinity, specific surface area and pore size, and textural properties of zeolite products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), N₂ sorption analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that sodalite octahydrate was selectively formed via the direct conventional (one-step) synthesis, whereas through a two-step, sodium silicate preparation and consecutive zeolite A synthesis process, 94 and 72 wt.% zeolite A products could be produced from the fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of fly ash and bottom ash-derived zeolite A products were closely similar to that of the commercial grade zeolite A.     

Numerical parametric study on CO2 capture by indirect thermal swing adsorption

Post-combustion CO₂ capture remains one of the most-challenging issue to lower CO₂ emissions of existing power plants or heavy industry installations because of strong economy and energy efficiency aspects. The major issue comes from CO₂ dilution (4% for NGCC and 14% for PC) and the high flow rates to be treated. Furthermore, CO₂ purity has to be higher than 95% with recovery at 90%, to match the transportation/injection requirements.The MEA absorption process remains the reference today but its energy consumption (about 3 MJ/kg_CO2) and the amine consumption are still challenging drawbacks.The interest of CO₂ capture by indirect TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) was demonstrated experimentally in a previous work. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a numerical parametric study. Two main parameters are explored: the desorption temperature (100–200 °C) and the purge flow rate (0.1–0.5 Ndm³ min⁻¹). Four performance indicators are evaluated: CO₂ purity, recovery, productivity and specific energy consumption.Results show that purity above 95% can be achieved. Keeping the 95% target, it is possible to achieve recovery at 81% with productivity at 57.7 g_CO2/kg_ads h and a specific energy consumption of 3.23 MJ/kg_CO2, which is less than for the reference MEA process.Comparison with other adsorption processes exhibits that this process has good potential especially since some improvements are still expected from further research.     

我国沸石去除水中氨氮的现状研究

沸石是一种天然、有效、价廉的环境友好型材料,其对氨氮具有很强的选择吸附性。本文就国内在沸石去除水中氨氮的机理、影响因素、沸石的改性及沸石研究的发展等方面进行广泛探讨。阐述了国内沸石去除水中氨氮的应用现状和进展,并指出沸石的推广要依赖于沸石改性和与其他工艺的联用技术开发。     

自动滴定仪用于沸石阳离子交换容量测定的方法

以甲醛法为基础,采用自动滴定仪电位滴定法测定沸石的阳离子交换容量,与pH计指示法、酸碱指示剂法相比,仪器灵敏度高、操作简单,使测定结果具有更高的准确度和更好的重复性。