Cadmium transport mediated by soil colloid and dissolved organic matter： A field study

This study investigated the potential role of soil colloids and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in transporting Cd through in situ undisturbed paddy soil monoliths. Brilliant Blue was used as a tracer to assess the e ect of preferential flow on Cd down migration. Experimental results showed that deep penetration of Cd and Brilliant Blue into the soil profile took place due to the preferential flow through macropores, mainly earthworm channels, with much of chemicals thus bypassing the soil matrix. Dye tracer and Cd distribution within the soil matrix was fairly restricted to several centimeters. Colloid restrained the migration of both dye and Cd in the matrix and preferential flow area. DOM facilitated the transport of Cd and Brilliant Blue in matrix and macropores by about 10 cm over that of the control. Pearson’s is correlation analysis revealed strong associations between Brilliant Blue concentrations, exchangeable Cd and total Cd concentrations in three studied plots indicating that they had taken the same preferential flow pathway.     

TiO2对聚偏氟乙烯膜的改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2胶体,用涂覆的方法拯TiO2胶体附在聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜表面,测试磺化时间,浸泡时间对膜通量的影响,通过改变膜表面的性质,以及对截留率和接触角的测定,找出改性膜的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：从接触角来讲,磺化时间为2小时,浸凝的时间为10分钟时,改性膜的通量最好;改性膜的截留率普遍都高于未改性膜的截留率;改性后膜生物反应器的出水水质更好。为增加膜通量,延长膜寿命,降低膜反应器的成本,降低处理污水的造价提供了一种新的参考方向。     

持续水动力作用下湖泊底泥胶体态氮、磷的释放

为揭示水动力扰动及其后续沉淀效应对湖泊内源氮、磷营养盐释放的作用,通过室内试验模拟了水体在受到持续扰动后又长时间静置沉淀的整个过程. 结果表明,水动力扰动初期可引起底泥颗粒态和胶体态氮、磷向水体大量释放. 在连续扰动0.5 d时,水体总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度分别达最高值2.106 mg/L和0.272 mg/L; 连续扰动1 d时,水体中胶体氮(CN)和胶体磷(CP)含量分别达最高值0.452 mg/L和0.052 mg/L; 之后虽继续扰动,因颗粒物和胶体物质的凝聚沉淀作用超过了其悬浮量,TN、TP、CN、CP的含量却转而降低.在停止扰动后的静置过程中,大颗粒悬浮物迅速沉淀,而胶体物质沉降缓慢,静置时间超过1 d后,CN和CP含量才开始因絮凝沉淀而降低.真溶解态氮(UDN) 和真溶解态磷(UDP)含量在扰动阶段升高较少而在静置1　d之后有持续大幅度升高,说明胶体的吸附作用在扰动阶段限制了水体溶解态氮磷含量的升高,且延长了其悬浮后在水柱中的停留时间,在扰动后的静置阶段,胶体又会将吸附的氮磷解吸释放到水体中,从而延缓了营养盐去除和水质的改善.     

Metals removal from aqueous solution by iron-based bonding agents

GOAL AND SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The application of a promising method, termed sorptive flotation, for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions was the aim of the present paper. A special case of sorptive flotation is adsorbing colloid flotation. Suitable sorbent preparation techniques have been developed in the laboratory. METHODS: Sorptive flotation, consisting of the sorption and flotation processes combined in series, has proved to give fast and satisfactory treatment of the industrial streams and effluents bearing dilute aqueous solutions of zinc and chromium(VI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Goethite has proved to be effective for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions. Also, adsorbing colloid flotation with ferric hydroxide (as the co-precipitant) could be an alternative method to the above-mentioned separation of metal ions. In both cases, chromium(VI) (pH=4) and zinc (pH=7) removal was about 100%. CONCLUSION: The reasons for selecting the iron-based bonding materials, like goethite and/or in-situ produced ferric hydroxide, are that they are cheap, easily synthesized, suitable both for cation and anion sorption, and, furthermore, that they present low risks for adding a further pollutant to the system. Promising results were obtained. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The application of goethite and in-situ produced ferric hydroxide has demonstrated their effectiveness in the removal of heavy metal ions, such as chromium anions and zinc cations. A proposed continuation of current work is the utilization of similar iron oxides, for instance synthesized akaganeite. The comparison between the results reported in this paper with the results reported in the literature, also deserves attention.     

天然胶体对含水介质中氨氮迁移的影响

为了研究天然胶体对氨氮在滨海含水介质中迁移的影响,文章采用室内土柱实验,分析了0、70、160、265和630mg/L五种不同浓度胶体影响下氨氮的迁移-转化规律。研究结果表明:氨氮在胶体影响下的穿透曲线表现为"未穿透"、"开始穿透"和"完全穿透"三个阶段,但是不同胶体浓度下三个阶段出现的孔隙体积数不同。胶体对氨氮迁移的影响与胶体浓度有关,当胶体浓度为70mg/L和160mg/L时,氨氮完全穿透时的孔隙体积数小于无胶体情况,胶体对氨氮的迁移具有促进作用;当胶体浓度为265mg/L和630mg/L时,氨氮完全穿透时的孔隙体积数大于无胶体情况,胶体对氨氮的迁移具有阻滞作用。这说明在160mg/L和265mg/L之间存在一个临界浓度;当胶体浓度达到临界浓度之前,胶体对氨氮的迁移起促进作用;当浓度超过临界浓度后,胶体对氨氮的迁移起阻滞作用。     

pH对滨海含水介质胶体迁移-沉积的影响

室内土柱试验采用天津滨海地区具有代表性的土样为研究对象,探讨pH对胶体在含水介质中迁移-沉积行为的影响。结果表明,pH为6.90和11.70的胶体穿透曲线呈"S"型,而pH为3.00时呈反"S"型;胶体的穿透曲线与示踪离子相比,存在一个临界孔隙体积数(临界点),在临界点之前胶体的迁移速度大于示踪离子,之后则相反;胶体在含水介质迁移过程中发生了沉积,沉积量随孔隙体积数的增加而增加;pH=3.00胶体的总沉积率为90.24%,是pH=6.90和pH=11.70胶体的2~3倍,后二者的总沉积率大小相近。酸性环境下,沉积作用在胶体迁移过程中一直占主导地位,中性和酸性环境中,胶体沉积作用则相对较小。     

光纤废水处理工程设计

介绍了光纤废水的特性 ,采用化学反应 +混凝沉淀的处理工艺 ,可有效地去除水中的悬浮物及氟离子     

饱和多孔介质中胶体运移模拟方法研究进展

阐述了国内外针对胶体在饱和多孔介质中运移模拟方法的研究进展：胶体在多孔介质中由于对流和弥散作用发生运移,而由于表面沉积和筛滤作用滞留在多孔介质中,通常采用含有滞留项的对流弥散方程对胶体的运移行为进行宏观描述,并通过拟合得到胶体运移和滞留的宏观参数,但是对流弥散方程是对试验曲线的宏观描述,无法解释其背后的微观机理;胶体的运移和滞留作用由胶体的微观受力决定,包括胶体在水中的布朗运动和有效重力,胶体-胶体/胶体-固相表面之间的相互作用以及流场作用在胶体上的力3个部分;为了实现从微观受力到宏观参数的升尺度计算,研究者们提出了胶体过滤理论及其后续的修正方法对沉积速率等宏观参数进行预测,然而现有方法通常基于简化的流场,忽略了多孔介质复杂孔隙结构和表面特性的影响;孔隙结构模型是多孔介质孔隙结构的简化模型,基于该模型能够从胶体在多孔介质中的微观力学分析出发,预测胶体的宏观运移行为,然而已有研究中尚未全面的考虑胶体在多孔介质中运移和滞留的多种作用.本文总结了该领域待解决的问题,包括建立考虑微观机理的对流弥散方程,发展考虑多孔介质孔隙结构的胶体过滤理论以及完善基于孔隙结构模型的胶体运移模拟方法.     

煤基胶体对草甘膦的吸附特征研究

采集内蒙古霍林河矿区的煤粉样品,过筛后采用离心法提取煤基胶体,并研究所提取胶体对草甘膦的吸附动力学特征、等温吸附特征,以及温度(35℃、25℃和15℃)和pH(4、6和9)对吸附作用的影响。结果表明煤基胶体对草甘膦的吸附可划分为快速阶段(120min之前)和慢速阶段(120min之后),360min可达吸附平衡。吸附过程符合准一级动力学方程。吸附等温式符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,最大单分子层吸附量为40.91~48.08mg/g。温度和pH对吸附作用有明显的影响,温度升高,吸附能力和吸附速率提高;pH升高,吸附能力和吸附速度均降低。该吸附机理为化学吸附。     

Experimental research on inhibition performances of the sand-suspended colloid for coal spontaneous combustion

Serious mine fire disasters have occurred in Northwest China where there are abundant coal resources. For the shortage of water and loess, a large cost of conventional grouting slurry is needed. However, plenty of sand and fly ash resources have been found there. In order to improve the quality of sand injection and reduce the wastage of water during grouting, a kind of new compound material of sand-suspended colloid, which is composed of mineral inorganic gel and organic polymer, was developed in this paper. And the inhibition performance experiments of the sand-suspended colloid were carried out. The results show that the sand-suspended colloid efficaciously affected the oxidation characteristics above the critical temperature during the acceleration oxidation of the lignite and fat-gas coal samples and restrained the oxidation course by increasing the activation energy, so that it reduced the contents of CO and C₂H₄ and depressed the oxidation rate during the coal spontaneous combustion, and finally inhibited the coal spontaneous combustion.