加拿大蓬挥发油经不同载体对蚕豆根尖的细胞毒性

采用悬空气法和土培法,研究了加拿大蓬（Erigeron canadensis L.）挥发油对蚕豆（Vacia faba L.）根尖细胞经不同载体的细胞毒性。结果表明：加拿大蓬挥发油对蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂没有显著的影响,但显著抑制了幼根的生长,使根尖细胞产生了多种类型的染色体畸变,导致微核率升高。综合分析表明,加拿大蓬挥发油经土壤载体的化感作用大于经空气载体的化感作用,推测可能是土壤对挥发油的滞留作用增大了化感效应。     

羧基化多壁碳纳米管对蛋白核小球藻的生物学效应研究

碳纳米材料由于其具有优异的性能,得以广泛生产和使用,因而不可避免地进入水环境中,对水生生态系统造成潜在的影响。羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)作为功能化多壁碳纳米管的一种,其应用亦非常广泛,其潜在的环境效应受到人们越来越多的关注。以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)作为受试生物,通过暴露实验研究了MWCNTs-COOH对蛋白核小球藻的生物学效应。研究结果表明:1)MWCNTs-COOH在中高浓度以下(≤20 mg·L~(-1))未对C.pyrenoidosa生长造成影响;2)暴露96 h后,中、高浓度(10、20 mg·L~(-1))促进C.pyrenoidosa细胞可溶性蛋白的合成,但在高浓度(≥40 mg·L~(-1)),MWCNTsCOOH对C.pyrenoidosa造成毒性效应;3)随着MWCNTs-COOH浓度的增加,C.pyrenoidosa细胞总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)值减少,C.pyrenoidosa细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,细胞的健康程度逐渐恶化,细胞结构受到严重损伤。     

环境浓度水平的苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的作用

为了研究环境浓度下多环芳烃苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的损伤情况,我们用MTT法检测苯并[b]荧蒽对RAW264.7细胞增殖活力的影响,用试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及炎症因子的释放量、细胞内SOD酶活力、脂质过氧化产物MDA含量及活性氧自由基ROS水平,用FITC标记的大肠杆菌(E.coli)检测苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响.结果显示环境浓度(10~80 nmol·L~(-1))下的苯并[b]荧蒽能够抑制RAW264.7细胞的增殖活力,增加乳酸脱氢酶LDH的释放量.诱导活性氧自由基的形成,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量.增加炎症因子IL-6,IL~(-1)β和TNF-a的分泌,降低吞噬能力.该研究结果表明,苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有一定的毒性作用;能够引起RAW264.7细胞产生氧化应激;激活炎症反应;降低巨噬细胞的吞噬能力.     

二苯甲酮对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞生长的影响

试验通过直接、间接两种染毒手段来探讨二苯甲酮(benzophenone)对斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞(CCO)生长的影响,以MTT法为手段测定染毒前后CCO细胞的存活数量和各阶段的生长状态,结果发现:当二苯甲酮以1～10μg/mL的浓度直接作用于CCO细胞时,CCO细胞生长在不同阶段均受到抑制作用:在指数增长期细胞生长速率减小,稳定期的存活量约为正常条件下的72%～91%,并且随着二苯甲酮浓度的增大,对CCO生长的抑制效应也相应的加剧;但是1μg/mL浓度的二苯甲酮在经过斑点叉尾鮰鱼原代肝细胞代谢后间接作用时,其代谢产物对CCO的生长在各阶段又呈现明显的促进作用,稳定期细胞数量约为正常条件下的109%。     

不同粒径的大气细颗粒物对A549细胞的毒性研究

研究了不同粒径的大气细颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的生物学效应,探讨了大气中细颗粒物粒径与细胞毒性的关系。采集杭州市大气中不同粒径的细颗粒物,制备成不同粒径的颗粒物总悬浮液,将A549细胞暴露于该制备液24 h后,测定细胞活力(MTT法)和培养液上清液中的LDH含量;并选择最佳浓度为后续暴露剂量,测定ROS生成量,评价不同粒径大气细颗粒物对细胞损伤效应。此外,还采用RTPCR测定凋亡基因P50、BAX、BCL-2表达情况。不同粒径的细颗粒物均显著抑制A549细胞活力,LDH显著增多,并存在剂量-效应关系;最佳染毒质量浓度为10μg/m L;ROS的生成量和各个凋亡基因的mRNA表达量均高于对照组。大气中不同粒径的细颗粒物均能对A549细胞产生毒性,并且随粒径增加,颗粒物对细胞的毒性呈降低趋势。     

Cytotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on the macrophage cell line RAW264.7

The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. Some previous studies showed that SPs possessed cytotoxicity in some immune cells such as human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. However, the cytotoxicity of SPs to macrophages, which are crucial to innate immunity, has not been explored. In the present report, we investigated a new pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), which may increase the generation of reactive ...     

Enantioselective induction of oxidative stress by acetofenate in rat PC12 cells

In a non-chiral environment,the enantiomers of a racemate possessed the identical physico-chemical properties,but in the biological systems they possessed different activities.Considering that the involvement of oxidative damage has been implicated in the toxicities of various pesticides,this study investigated the possibility of enantioselective oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induction by acetofenate (AF) which contains an asymmetrical center on PC12 cells.The results of the cytotoxicity assay indicated that S-(+)-AF presented more toxic effects than R-(-)-AF and (±)-AF.It also demonstrated that S-(+)-AF possessed the strongest effects in induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production,decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities,and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level.These results suggested that AF and its enantiomers could induce enantioselective cytotoxicity in PC12 cells mediated by oxidative stress.Therefore,the assessment in environmental safety and new chiral pesticide development should consider enantioselectivity.     

多壁碳纳米管对三丁基锡的吸附行为及其细胞毒性效应研究

研究了多壁碳纳米管对三丁基锡(TBT)吸附行为,主要考察了溶液pH和盐度的影响作用.同时比较了无机锡、四丁基锡(TeBT)与三丁基锡在多壁碳纳米管上吸附行为的差异,并探讨了在多壁碳纳米管存在下三丁基锡的细胞毒性作用.研究结果表明多壁碳纳米管对丁基锡具有较强的吸附能力,吸附平衡时问短,能很快达到吸附平衡.溶液pH能影响这种吸附作用.三丁基锡在多壁碳纳米管上的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,主要为疏水作用.在与多壁碳纳米管的共存体系中三丁基锡的细胞毒性效应有所削弱,这可能与多壁碳纳米管对三丁基锡的吸附作用有关.     

Chronic toxicity and cytotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide cis-bifenthrin

With the increasing use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the significance of ecological safety and health risk is an emerging concern. In this study, we evaluated the chronic aquatic toxicity of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) in Daphnia magna and its cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. Chronic aquatic toxicity tests showed that cis-BF could significantly affect the reproduction of D. magna. The lowest observed effective concentration and the non-observed effective concentration of cis-BF to D. magna were 0.02 and 0.01 μg/L, respectively, and the chronic value was 0.014 μg/L. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to 0.02 μg/L. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that cis-BF decreased cell viability in CHO and Hela cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values for Hela and CHO cells were 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ and 3.2 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, respectively. Together, these results indicated that cis-BF induced chronic toxicity in both aquatic invertebrate animals and mammalian cells. These findings assist in understanding the impact of SPs on health and environmental safety. Considering the wide spectrum of SPs, a more comprehensive understanding of the negative effects is indispensible for planning future application and regulation of these pesticides.     

五氯酚对HeLa细胞毒性及DNA损伤的研究

以人宫颈癌HeLa细胞为研究对象,运用MTT法检测PCP处理后HeLa细胞的增长抑制率;通过测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的漏出率和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,评价PCP的细胞毒性作用;彗星实验检测HeLa细胞经不同浓度PCP处理后的DNA损伤.结果表明,PCP对HeLa细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为66.59μmol.L-1;HeLa细胞在12.5、25、50、100和200μmol.L-1 PCP染毒条件下,LDH的漏出率随着染毒时间的增加逐渐增大,具有明显的时间-效应关系,在12.25、17.5和25μmol.L-1 PCP染毒下,细胞培养液中SOD的活性随着染毒时间的增加逐渐下降,存在显著的时间-效应关系,低浓度PCP(25μmol.L-1)显著增加细胞培养液中LDH的漏出率以及PCP(12.25μmol.L-1)显著降低总SOD的活性;PCP(实验浓度为6.25、12.5、25和50μmol.L-1)不会导致HeLa细胞DNA损伤.因此SOD和LDH可作为评价低浓度PCP毒性效应的敏感性生物标志物.