钢渣-蒙脱石复合吸附剂对水中Cd~(2+)的吸附去除

研究了钢渣-蒙脱石复合吸附剂对废水中Cd2+的吸附性能,并探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理.结果表明,钢渣蒙脱石质量比为1∶1的复合吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附效果优于钢渣及蒙脱石对Cd2+的单一吸附.当温度为25℃,废水pH=6~7时,1.2 g钢渣-蒙脱石复合吸附剂对100 mL Cd2+溶液(100 mg·L-1)吸附60 min后,Cd2+的去除率可达到96.99%.钢渣-蒙脱石复合吸附剂对镉离子的吸附反应符合二级动力学方程,可决系数为0.9991;符合Langmuir方程,可决系数为0.9725.对Cd2+的理论饱和吸附量为12.45 mg·g-1.溶液中Pb2+、Cu2+的存在会降低复合吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附量,且Cd2+受Cu2+的影响较大.吸附饱和的钢渣-蒙脱石颗粒材料用1 mol·L-1的氯化钠溶液再生效果好.     

改性蒙脱石复合材料在污水处理中的研究与应用

综述了蒙脱石的提纯、人工钠化、有机改性及改性蒙脱石在污水处理中的应用。通过实验证明了改性蒙脱石对垃圾渗沥液的色度去除率可以达到96%,对COD的去除率可以达到84%,且处理方法简单有效,成本低廉。     

Preparation and characterization of mixed hydroxy-Fe-Al pillared montmorillonite with large basal spacing

IntroductionMontmorilloniteisaclaymineralwithsubstantialisomorphicsubstitution .Mesoporouspillaredmontmorillonitecanbepreparedbyintroducinggallerytemplates ,suchasquaternaryammoniumcationandlongchainamine .Thusformedorgano montmorilloniteshaveimprovedcapa…     

插层蒙脱土去除铜绿微囊藻的研究

采用离子交换法制备了烷基糖苷季铵盐插层蒙脱土(简称插层蒙脱土)材料,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热/热重联用热分析(DSC/TG)仪和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对其进行表征,并使用插层蒙脱土去除水中铜绿微囊藻,最后通过对藻絮体形态的表征分析了插层蒙脱土的除藻机制。XRD测试结果表明,烷基糖苷季铵盐可以插入蒙脱土的层间,使蒙脱土001晶面的层间距增大;DSC/TG测试结果表明,当烷基糖苷季铵盐用量为一倍蒙脱土离子交换容量时,其插入到蒙脱土的量为13.07%(质量分数);当铜绿微囊藻为2.81×108个/L,插层蒙脱土投加量为0.040g/L,藻液初始pH为8时,叶绿素a和浊度的去除率分别可以达到93.02%和90.1%;插层蒙脱土可以通过网捕絮凝作用去除铜绿微囊藻,当它与藻细胞接触时,其层间插入的烷基糖苷季铵盐可以缓慢释放,抑制絮体中藻细胞的活性,并且不会发生藻絮体反漂现象。     

论蒙脱石的脱水作用及其对地面沉降的影响

过去对开采地下水所引起的地面沉降，普遍采用有效应力原理进行解释。由于早期的有效应力观点是以假设土壤颗粒与孔隙水均不可压缩为前提，所以无法描述粘土矿物层间水脱水反应所造成的体积改变。因此对由地下水超采导致粘土发生脱水作用，从而产生地层次要压密并用于地面沉降的研究较少。蒙脱石作为第四纪土壤地层中粘土矿物的主要成分，虽然颗粒细小，但其具有特殊的形态和结构特征、特殊的物理化学性质，在其成岩转变的过程中，记录了地面沉降整个过程的演变信息。蒙脱石在地层压实过程中所发生的脱水作用，造成层间水释出，需纳入到地面沉降量的计算范围之内。本文讨论了用费脱石的脱水作用来计其次要地面沉降量的相关问题。     

Behavior of the herbicide dimepiperate with homoionic clays in aqueous solution

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污染物与蒙脱石层间域的界面反应及其环境意义

系统地评述了无机、有机阳离子、农药分子、细菌等环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的吸附、脱附、氧化还原、催化降解等界面反应机理 ,并指出它们的环境化学行为对环境的影响和意义     

一种改性柱撑蒙脱石的制备及其对废水中SO_4~(2-)吸附效率研究

蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积和阳离子交换容量,吸附性能较好。但其不能有效地吸附疏水性物质,应用中常将一些聚合羟基金属阳离子引入到蒙脱石层间制成柱撑蒙脱石以提高其孔道特性和热稳定性。为了进一步提高其吸附效率,在柱撑蒙脱石中加入了物料A,高温焙烧,对其进行了一系列的改性,并确定了改性条件,制备了一种新型的SO42-高效吸附剂,并应用于煤矿矿井废水的治理,改性后的吸附剂较柱撑蒙脱石对水中SO42-的吸附率提高了54.6%。最佳焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为4 h,焙烧的最佳物料配比为1:4。     

光辅助下TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料抑杀蓝藻

以TiCl4和钠基蒙脱土为原料,采用水解法制备了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料,采用XRD、IR和TEM对其结构和性质进行表征;通过藻细胞的内含物含量、生长代谢活性和形态的变化以及藻细胞膜脂质过氧化分析,研究了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料在光辅助下去除颤藻的性能.结果表明,TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料中一部分TiO2插入蒙脱层间,增加了蒙脱土的层间距,另一部分以锐钛矿相均匀分散在蒙脱土上;在紫外光辅助下,TiO2-蒙脱土的用量为50.0 mg/L,lh后颤藻的除藻率可达94.58％;TiO2-蒙脱土通过光催化作用破坏藻细胞膜、降解藻细胞内含物、降低藻细胞代谢活性和破坏藻细胞形态,从而产生抑藻作用.     

Apparent diffusion coefficients and chemical species of neptunium (V) in compacted Na-montmorillonite

Diffusion of neptunium (V) in compacted Na-montmorillonite was studied through the non-steady state diffusion method. In this study, two experimental attempts were carried out to understand the diffusion mechanism of neptunium. One was to establish the diffusion activation energy, which was then used to determine the diffusion process in the montmorillonite. The other was the measurement of the distribution of neptunium in the montmorillonite by a sequential batch extraction. The apparent diffusion coefficients of neptunium in the montmorillonite at a dry density of 1.0 Mg m-3 were from 3.7 x 10(-12) m2 s-1 at 288 K to 9.2 x 10(-12) m2 s-1 at 323 K. At a dry density of 1.6 Mg m-3, the apparent diffusion coefficients ranged between 1.5 x 10(-13) m2 s-1 at 288 K and 8.7 x 10(-13) m2 s-1 at 323 K. The activation energy for the diffusion of neptunium at a dry density of 1.0 Mg m-3 was 17.5 +/- 1.9 kJ mol-1. This value is similar to those reported for diffusion of other ions in free water, e.g., 18.4 and 17.4 kJ mol-1 for Na+ and Cl-, respectively. At a dry density of 1.6 Mg.m-3, the activation energy was 39.8 +/- 1.9 kJ mol-1. The change in the activation energy suggests that the diffusion process changes depending on the dry density of the compacted montmorillonite. A characteristic distribution profile was obtained by the sequential extraction procedure for neptunium diffused in compacted montmorillonite. The estimated fraction of neptunium in the pore water was between 3% and 11% at a dry density of 1.6 Mg m-3 and at a temperature of 313 K. The major fraction of the neptunium in the montmorillonite was identified as neptunyl ions sorbed on the outer surface of the montmorillonite. These findings suggested that the activation energy for diffusion and the distribution profile of the involved nuclides could become powerful parameters in understanding the diffusion mechanism.