联合国环境大会首届会议在肯尼亚闭幕

正共通过23项决议/决定2014年6月27日,为期5天的联合国环境大会首届会议在肯尼亚内罗毕闭幕.肯尼亚总统肯雅塔、联合国秘书长潘基文出席闭幕式并致辞.中国环境保护部部长周生贤率领中国政府代表团出席本次大会,并在会议间举办了一     

《中国环境科学》获评“RCCSE中国权威学术期刊(A+)”

正《中国环境科学》在武汉大学中国科学评价研究中心发布的第三届中国学术期刊评价中被评为"RCCSE中国权威学术期刊(A+)".中国学术期刊评价按照各期刊的各指标综合得分排名,将排序期刊分为A+、A、A-、B+、B、C 6个等级,评价的6448种中文学术期刊中有1939种学术期刊进入核心期刊区,其中权威期刊(A+)327种,核心期刊     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

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声明

正为适应我国信息化建设,扩大本刊及作者知识信息交流渠道,本刊已被中国学术期刊(光盘版)电子杂志社的中国知网及其系列数据库等检索信息系统独家收录,并以数字化方式复制、汇编、发行、信息网络传播本刊全文,作者著作权使用费与本刊稿酬一次性给付.如果作者不同意文章被收录,请在来稿时向本刊做出纸面声明,以便本刊做出适当处理.特此声明!     

从“引进来”到“走出去”

<正>从2010年的巴基斯坦核电援助项目,到2013年的英国欣克利角(Hinkley Point C)核电项目再到罗马尼亚切尔纳沃德核电项目;从1982年引进国外技术建设我国大陆第一座大型商用核电站,到2014年4月具有完全自主知识产权的"华龙一号"首次亮相;在经历了昔日的"拜师学艺"和通过引进消化吸收再创新增强"内功"之后,中国核电正在一步步由"中国制造"向"中国创造"转变,核电"走出去"正成为一张绚丽的名片。化石能源使用的负作用已成为地球的     

共筑绿色梦想 搭建东北亚青年环境交流桥梁——记第十六次中日韩环境部长会议青年论坛

<正>2014年4月27日至30日,我作为千名青年环境友好使者,有幸被环保部宣教中心遴选为中国青年代表参加在韩国大邱召开的第十六次中日韩环境部长会议(Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting,TEMM)青年论坛(Youth Forum)。站在现在的时间节点,回想六个人、四天的点点滴滴,清晰与模糊的记忆交杂,头脑中呈现的是一幅斑斓五彩的青春画卷。太多的感情,都会在点开一个叫做"TEMM16"的文件夹时迸发而出。一版版彻夜修改的PPT,一次次投入的讲演彩排,一句句中肯的修改建议,不为其