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51.
Zhe Liu Qi-qi Wang Si-yu Huang Ling-xuan Kong Zhong Zhuang Qi Wang Hua-fen Li Ya-nan Wan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(8):101-111
Recently, the application of sulfur (S) has been recommended to control the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice in contaminated paddy soil. However, the effects of exogenous S on Cd transfer in paddy rice systems under different water-management practices have not been systematically investigated. Pot experiments were performed to monitor the composition of soil pore water and the Cd accumulation in iron plaque and rice tissue were compared under different S (0 and 200 mg/kg Na2SO4) and water (continuous and discontinuous flooding) treatments. Sulfur application significantly increased Cd concentrations in soil pore water under discontinuous flooding conditions, but slightly reduced them under continuous flooding. Moreover, the oxidation/reduction potential (Eh) was the most critical factor that affected the Cd levels. When the Eh exceeded −42.5 mV, S became the second critical factor, and excessive S application promoted Cd dissolution. In addition, S addition elevated the Cd levels in iron plaque and reduced the Cd transfer from the iron plaque to rice roots. In rice, S addition inhibited Cd transfer from the rice roots to the straw; thus, more Cd was stored in the rice roots. Nevertheless, additional S application increased the Cd content in the rice grains by 72% under discontinuous flooding, although this effect was mitigated by continued flooding. Under simulated practical water management conditions, S addition increased the risk of Cd contamination in rice, suggesting that S application should be reconsidered as a paddy fertilization strategy. 相似文献
52.
Different aggregates vary in their ability to retain or adsorb metals in soil. Five soil profiles were sampled from different soil horizons and grouped, and the concentrations of Al, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu and Pb were determined in six sizes of aggregates (> 2, 2-1, 1-0.6, 0.6-0.25, 0.25-0.053, < 0.053 mm). Significantly high (p < 0.05) structural stability indexes (SSI) and aggregate stability indexes (ASI) were recorded in the topsoil horizon, which may be attributed to the high soil organic matter (SOM) content in aggregates from topsoil. In addition, ASI and SSI were positively correlated (r = 0.569, p < 0.05) with each other, which indicated that the stability of soil aggregates could contribute to the structural stability of bulk soil. Moreover, accumulation factors (AF), principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for metal element assessment. The results indicated that SOM was not a key factor affecting the accumulation of Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and Cu in soil aggregates. In general, AF values for metal elements in microaggregates (< 0.25 mm) were high, which showed that metals preferred to accumulate in fine soil aggregates. The PCA and Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated that soil parent materials primarily controlled the distribution of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn, while materials derived from technogenic sources have important impacts on the distribution of Cd, Cu and Pb in soil aggregates along the soil profile. 相似文献
53.
In this study we investigated the use of activated carbon (AC) as a soil amendment for reducing bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Artificial soil was contaminated with PCBs and used in bioaccumulation experiments fresh or after aging for 19 months. PCB bioaccumulation in earthworms was reduced by 68% when AC was placed as a layer without mixing and by 94% when AC was manually mixed into the soil. Aging of the same AC mixed soil for 19 months resulted in an overall reduction of 99% in PCB biouptake. AC-treated aged soil also showed two orders of magnitude lower equilibrium aqueous concentrations of PCBs compared to untreated aged soils. The findings from this study indicate that application of engineered sorbents like AC to PCB impacted soils may greatly reduce PCB uptake at the base of the terrestrial food chain. 相似文献
54.
Weijs L Dirtu AC Das K Gheorghe A Reijnders PJ Neels H Blust R Covaci A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):437-444
Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are two representative top predator species of the North Sea ecosystem. The median values of sum of 21 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and sum of 10 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were 23.1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) and 0.33 μg/g lw in blubber of harbour seals (n = 28) and 12.4 μg/g lw and 0.76 μg/g lw in blubber of harbour porpoises (n = 35), respectively. For both species, the highest PCB concentrations were observed in adult males indicating bioaccumulation. On the contrary, the highest PBDE concentrations were measured in juveniles, likely due to better-developed metabolic capacities with age in adults. A higher contribution of lower chlorinated and non-persistent congeners, such as CB 52, CB 95, CB 101, and CB 149, together with higher contributions of other PBDE congeners than BDE 47, indicated that harbour porpoises are unable to metabolize these compounds. Harbour seals showed a higher ability to metabolize PCBs and PBDEs. 相似文献
55.
A 52-day continuous semi-static waterborne exposure (test media renewed daily) regimen was employed to investigate the accumulation and elimination profiles of two iron oxide nanomaterials (nano-Fe2O3 and nano-Fe3O4) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed to nanomaterial suspensions with initial concentrations of 4.0 and 10.0 mg/L for 28 days and then were moved to clean water for 24 days to perform the elimination experiment. Fe content was measured in fish body and feces to provide data on accumulation and elimination of the two iron oxide nanomaterials in zebrafish. The experiment revealed that: (1) high accumulation of nano-Fe2O3 and nano-Fe3O4 were found in zebrafish, with maximum Fe contents, respectively, of 1.32 and 1.25 mg/g for 4.0 mg/L treatment groups and 1.15 and 0.90 mg/g for 10.0 mg/L treatment groups; (2) accumulated nanoparticles in zebrafish can be eliminated efficiently (the decrease of body burden of Fe conforms to a first-order decay equation) when fish were moved to nanoparticle-free water, and the elimination rates ranged from 86% to 100% by 24 days post-exposure; and (3) according to analysis of Fe content in fish excrement in the elimination phase, iron oxide nanomaterials may be adsorbed via the gastrointestinal tract, and stored for more than 12 days. 相似文献
56.
Kagalou I Papadimitriou T Bacopoulos V Leonardos I 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):185-195
Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs form a threat to humans as well as various forms of aquatic life. This
study examined the occurrence and distribution of Microcystins (MCYST) in the shallow eutrophic lake Pamvotis (Greece). MCYST
concentrations in the tissues (liver, kidneys, intestine, gonads, brain and muscle) of the fish species Carassius gibelio were also examined. Tests were performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCYST concentration in water
and in the scum of Lake Pamvotis were highest during the warm period (April–October, 2005). Phytoplankton samples were dominated
by the genera Microcystis and Anabaena during the same period. MCYST values were always below the WHO Guide level for recreational waters but much higher than the
WHO Guide level for drinking water. It was found that MCYST can accumulate in the fish tissues of C. gibelio. Even though the target organ for MCYST is the liver, in our study MCYST were found also in the rest of C. gibelio tissues in the following order: intestine> kidney> > brain>gonads> muscle. Muscle tissue contained concentrations of microcystins
that correspond to 0.096 μg/kg/day well above the recommended limit for human consumption (0.04 μg/Kg/day). 相似文献
57.
Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) leads to high levels in human milk and high doses of POPs for nursing infants. This is currently not considered in chemical risk assessment. A coupled model for bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in breast-feeding mother and nursing infant was developed and tested for a series of organic compounds. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in mother, breast milk and child were predicted to vary with log KOW and, for volatile compounds, with KAW and concentration in air. The concentrations of POPs in the infant body increase the first half year to about factor 3 above mother and decline thereafter to lower levels. The predicted results are close to empirical data and to an empirical regression. The new mother–child model is compact due to its easy structure and the analytical matrix solution. It could be added to existing exposure and risk assessment systems, such as EUSES. 相似文献
58.
Nicole Pacini Antonia Concetta Elia Maria Cesarina Abete Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr Paola Brizio Laura Gasco Marzia Righetti Marino Prearo 《Chemosphere》2013
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selenium on concentrations of metabolites and enzyme activities acting as antioxidant markers in liver and kidney of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. Sturgeons were fed selenium cysteine for 30 and 60 d at 1.25, 5, 20 mg Se kg−1. Selenium level in the control feed was 0.32 mg kg−1. Se concentration was measured in liver, kidney and muscle of every specimen. Sturgeon accumulated Se in tissues with a clear dose-response relationship and the highest Se concentration was recorded in liver. This outcome is lined up with the findings obtained on the antioxidant markers evaluated in both tissues, and in which a dose-response for several biomarkers was recorded in liver. The superoxide dismutase activity in Se-treated fish was generally induced, while catalase activity was lower in liver or unaltered in kidney. The concentrations of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione responded differently for both tissues and were induced in a different way at both endpoints. No changes of glyoxalase I activity were noted for both Se-treated tissues, while for glyoxalase II enzyme in liver a dose-related pattern was found showing a reversible effect (decreased and increased counteractive response) only in the 5 mg kg−1 group. Moreover, the highest Se concentrations did not cause marked changes in malondialdehyde levels of liver and kidney. The enhancement of glutathione peroxidase activity in Se-treated sturgeon might have prevented the lipid peroxidation in both tissues, providing to the Siberian sturgeon a great defense ability versus the prooxidant effect of selenium. 相似文献
59.
Pozolotina VN Molchanova IV Karavaeva EN Mikhaylovskaya LN Antonova EV 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(6):438-442
It was shown that along the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace central axis, about 100 km in length, decrease of the 90Sr and 137Cs deposition densities in soil samples may be described as an exponential function. At the western and eastern periphery of the trace, 90Sr contents in soils approached to the background level due to global fallout. 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations in seeds of some herbaceous plants have been determined. The radionuclide concentrations and the resulting dose loads upon plant seeds showed an excess over the background level of about two or three orders of magnitude. 相似文献
60.
Liping Jiao Gene J. Zheng Tu Binh Minh Liqi Chen Yuanhui Zhang Leo W. Yeung Xulin Yang Paul K.S. Lam Ming H. Wong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(4):1342-1351
Surface sediments from remote lakes and coastal areas from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Relatively high levels of PAHs were encountered from several lakes from Ny-Ålesund, which were within the range of levels reported for European high mountain lakes and some urban/industrialized areas in the world, pointing to the role of remote Arctic lakes as potential reservoir of semi-volatile organic compounds. Specific patterns of PBDEs were observed, showing higher concentrations of lower brominated compounds such as BDE-7, 17 and 28. Estimated surface sediment fluxes of PAHs in Ny-Ålesund remote lakes were similar to those observed for some European high mountain lakes. The current PAH levels in sediments from three lakes exceeded Canadian sediment quality guidelines, suggesting the presence of possible risks for aquatic organisms and the need for further studies. 相似文献