酿酒酵母吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的表面特性研究

为深入探讨酿酒酵母与Pb(II)的相互作用机理,本文利用表面显微分析技术（SEM-EDS、TEM-EDS、AFM）研究了酿酒酵母细胞吸附重金属离子Pb(II)前后的细胞表面特性变化。研究结果表明,酿酒酵母细胞与Pb(II)作用后,细胞表面除吸附Pb(II)外,同时产生大量更高浓度的含Pb(II)沉淀,导致Pb(II)从溶液中被去除。酵母与Pb(II)反应前,酵母细胞表面可检测到的主要元素包括C、O、N、P、S、K、Mg;酵母与Pb(II)作用后,细胞表面始终保持C、O、P吸收峰,而N、K、Mg、S吸收峰随反应条件不同而减弱、消失或增强。P作为细胞表面组分可能与Pb(II)结合。酵母与Pb(II)作用过程中,重金属离子促进酵母细胞释放细胞内含物。原子力显微镜（AFM）证实,云母片表面对酵母吸附Pb(II)后细胞的铺展变形作用明显增大。     

利用T-RFLP解析生物强化去除吡啶过程中微生物种群动态变化

在接种活性污泥处理含吡啶废水的序批式反应器中,引入吡啶降解菌Paracoccus sp.KT-5构成生物强化反应器,研究了对吡啶的生物强化去除特性及效果,利用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)手段解析了微生物种群结构的动态变化.结果表明,投加高效降解菌株KT-5可以加速反应器的启动,但随着反应器的运行,当吡啶初始浓度增加至195.6 mg·L^-1以后,生物强化反应器对吡啶降解的促进作用已不再明显;当吡啶初始浓度在293.4~586.8 mg·L^-1变化时,起初强化反应器对吡啶的去除速率出现了波动,尽管随后逐渐恢复,但仍然没有表现出明显的强化作用.T-RFLP的分析结果表明,当吡啶初始浓度达到978 mg·L^-1以后,生物强化反应器中已检测不到KT-5,表明生物强化作用的消失可能是因为引入的高效降解菌株KT-5的流失造成的.     

The inactivation of bacteriophages MS2 and PhiX174 by nanoscale zero-valent iron: Resistance difference and mechanisms

• The resistance of phage PhiX174 to nZVI was much stronger than that of MS2. • The nZVI damaged the surface proteins of both bacteriophages. • The nZVI could destroy the nucleic acid of MS2, but not that of PhiX174. •The phage inactivation was mainly attributed to the damage of the nucleic acid. Pathogenic enteric viruses pose a significant risk to human health. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), a novel material for environmental remediation, has been shown to be a promising tool for disinfection. However, the existing research has typically utilized MS2 or f2 bacteriophages to investigate the antimicrobial properties of nZVI, and the resistance difference between bacteriophages, which is important for the application of disinfection technologies, is not yet understood. Here, MS2 and PhiX174 containing RNA and DNA, respectively, were used as model viruses to investigate the resistances to nZVI. The bacteriophage inactivation mechanisms were also discussed using TEM images, protein, and nucleic acid analysis. The results showed that an initial concentration of 10⁶ PFU/mL of MS2 could be completely inactivated within 240 min by 40 mg/L nZVI at pH 7, whereas the complete inactivation of PhiX174 could not be achieved by extending the reaction time, increasing the nZVI dosage, or changing the dosing means. This indicates that the resistance of phage PhiX174 to nZVI was much stronger than that of MS2. TEM images indicated that the viral particle shape was distorted, and the capsid shell was ruptured by nZVI. The damage to viral surface proteins in both phages was examined by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). However, the nucleic acid analysis demonstrated that the nucleic acid of MS2, but not PhiX174, was destroyed. It indicated that bacteriophage inactivation was mainly attributed to the damage of nucleic acids.     

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10 g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1 g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0 mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1 mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3 mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1 g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.     

茶树上游猎型蜘蛛功能团对景观低碳管理模式的反应

目前温室效应加剧、生物多样性减少以及农田环境污染加重等问题已成为关注的焦点。由于蜘蛛是环境变化的指示标志和农业生中的重要捕食性天敌。通过选择茶树上游猎型蜘蛛为研究对象,调查分析景观低碳管理模式茶园（JG）与习惯管理模式茶园（XG）对茶树上游猎型蜘蛛组成、结构以及群落数量特征的影响。结果表明：JG茶园茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类较多,有8个科,18个种;XG茶园有6个科,13个种;优势种和丰盛种中,JG茶园个体数为375头、195头,比XG茶园分别提高1.16、0.33倍。JG与XG两类茶园的蜘蛛种群数量特征在年龄结构、性别比例方面存在显著差异（P＜0.001）;JG茶园雌蛛个体数为157头、雄蛛个体数为320头,是XG茶园的1.12和1.32倍;JG茶园成蛛与幼蛛个体数是XG茶园的1.25和0.87倍,成蛛比幼蛛高出46.32%,而XG茶园成蛛比幼蛛高出21.82%;JG茶园蜘蛛种群数量特征发生动态显著高于XG茶园（P＜0.05）。JG茶园蜘蛛多样性指数和丰富度指数比XG茶园增加16.46%和12.14%。主成分分析表明,第一、二主成分累计贡献率达50.47%, JG茶园位置明显接近光盔蛛科（Liocranidae）、圆颚蛛科（Corinnidae）、跳蛛科（Salticidae）和管巢蛛科（Clubionidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较多的方向偏移,而XG茶园则向盗蛛科（Pisauridae）和猫蛛科（Oxyopidae）等蜘蛛群落数量分布较少方向靠近。由此可知,茶园实行低碳管理,实行复合种植,有利于减少CO2气体排放,保护茶树上游猎型蜘蛛种类多样性,提高对害虫的自然控制能力,为茶园固碳增汇,茶叶产值提高打下了基础。     

球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用研究

论述了文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统在球团竖炉烟气脱硫工程应用方面的研究,介绍了双碱法在文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统中的脱硫机理和工艺过程。同时对设备的防腐和废水、废渣的处理,系统的常规检测和自动监测都作了相应的研究。对文氏栅洗涤器的脱硫除尘效率、设备及工程投资、工业运行成本作了适当的介绍。文氏栅洗涤器具有良好的组合特性,适用的烟气量范围广,是用于炉窑烟气脱硫除尘的理想设备,具有广阔的开发应用前景。     

济南市大气颗粒物短期暴露对老年人群血清淀粉样蛋白P组分影响的定群研究

为了解济南市不同粒径大气颗粒物暴露对老年人群血清淀粉样蛋白P组分（SAP）的急性影响,评估大气颗粒物暴露对人群神经系统的健康风险,以山东省济南市甸柳社区为研究地点,采用定群研究设计,对社区76名健康老年人进行5次重复测量,结合社区附近（< 2 km）环保监测超级站的PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度数据,在控制年龄、性别等协变量情况下,利用线性混合效应模型分别分析PM_2.5和PM₁₀暴露对SAP的效应影响.结果表明:大气颗粒物短期暴露与老年人群SAP的升高呈正相关;PM_2.5累积滞后0~6 h,每升高1个四分位数间距（IQR）,SAP水平升高18.73%（95% CI为9.20%~29.08%）（FDR_H-P < 0.05）（其中,CI为可信区间,FDR_H-P为经多重校正后的P值）;PM₁₀累积滞后0~6 h,每升高1个IQR,SAP水平亦升高,但变化不显著（FDR_H-P>0.05）.研究显示,大气颗粒物暴露可以引起人群反应神经退行性病变的SAP指标升高,提示大气颗粒物对人群神经系统具有潜在威胁;PM_2.5对SAP的效应高于PM₁₀,提示小粒径颗粒物具有较高的健康危害,应加强对小粒径颗粒物的健康影响和干预防护研究.      

驯化活性污泥降解邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的研究

研究利用驯化活性污泥生物降解３种邻苯二甲酸酯,即邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,二丁酯和二辛酯。结果表明;侧链较短的ＤＭＰ和ＤＢＰ能被较快地降解,分别在３ｄ和８ｄ内被降解９０％,但ＤＯＰ的降解速率较慢;３种ＰＡＥＳ的生物降妥过程均可用一级反应动力学模型描述,且实验测得的一级反应速率常数能与相应酯类的二级水解常数较好地关联。     

NKA—Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂吸附高浓度苯胺溶液的试验研究

本文利用ＮＫＡ－Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂对高浓度苯胺溶液进行了静态吸附试验,希望利用大孔吸附树脂从化工废水中回收苯胺。     

清污分质法处理啤酒废水的工程应用

分析了应用厌氧UASB技术分质处理啤酒高浓度酿造废水,并将此废水与其他低浓度废水混合进入新型生物接触氧化工艺处理。根据工艺的设计、调试和工程实际运行情况表明,该工艺具有技术先进、高效低耗、运行稳定、投资省、管理简单、出水水质好等特点。