文丘里喷嘴改进金锥滤筒脉喷清灰性能的数值模拟

针对除尘滤筒脉冲反吹清灰均匀性差、强度不足的缺点,构建了脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器CFD数值模型,考察了文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒组合条件下的清灰性能.结果 表明,无论是文丘里喷嘴还是金锥滤筒的使用或二者组合使用,滤筒内喷吹压力均为底部大而上部小;文丘里喷嘴和金锥滤筒可单独或组合式优化喷吹性能;在喷吹高度为150～550 mm时,喷...     

大气固定污染源监测分析方法的标准化研究

论述了大气监测分析方法标准化研究的特点、内容、样品采集方法和保存条件，样品预处理方法和测定条件，干扰试验、方法的基本特征参数第一轮测定、实际样品的测定等问题。     

臭氧氧化产物甲醛的产生机理研究

对3类含不同碳链结构的有机物进行臭氧氧化,研究了氧化过程中的甲醛浓度变化情况,并对臭氧单独氧化、臭氧和羟基自由基混合氧化和羟基自由基氧化特性进行了分析.以丙烯酸为目标物,分别研究了不同进气流量、气态臭氧浓度和双氧水投加量对甲醛浓度的影响.结果表明:苯环上不同的取代基对甲醛产量有较大影响,单烯烃的α-C上连接的基团对甲醛浓度影响更大;在氧化过程中,甲醛浓度表现出先增后减的变化趋势,出现峰值.增大进气流量和进气臭氧浓度会使峰值减小,并使出峰时间缩短,但会提高初始产出速率;对不同有机物,羟基自由基氧化对甲醛产量的影响不同,氧化丙烯酸和反丁烯二酸时,甲醛积累量减小,而氧化壬基酚和水杨酸等芳香族化合物时,甲醛积累量提高.     

改性火山岩滤料去除矿井水中铁锰离子影响因素研究

以改性火山岩滤料作为除铁除锰的滤料，通过对模拟矿井水的过滤试验，研究了滤速、pH值、滤层厚度及铁锰离子浓度对其除铁除锰效率的影响。结果表明：改性火山岩滤料能实现模拟矿井水中Mn²⁺的100%去除，效果明显优于未改性火山岩；最为合理的过滤滤速为7～8 m/h；除铁除锰的过程主要发生在滤层厚度为90 cm的上部滤层中；随着铁锰浓度的升高，改性火山岩滤料除铁的效率变化很小，除锰效率呈快速、线性降低；中性或偏碱性的环境有利于改性火山岩滤料充分发挥高效吸附去除能力。     

Levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods and estimated dietary intake for the local residents of Luqiao and Yuhang in Zhejiang, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were measured by high resolution gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) in six food groups from Luqiao (LQ) where the e-waste has been recycled and from Yuhang (YH) where the agriculture dominates in Zhejiang Province in China. The total WHO-TEQ values of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods from LQ were significantly much higher than those from YH. The highest level of the total WHO-TEQ was in crucian carp (10.87 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by duck (3.77 pg g(-1) w.w.), hen eggs (2.80 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (2.43 pg g(-1) w.w.), rice (0.08 pg g(-1) w.w.) and vegetables (0.022 pg g(-1) w.w.) in LQ. By contrast, the highest levels were measured in duck (0.74 pg g(-1) w.w.) followed by hen eggs (0.69 pg g(-1) w.w.), crucian carp (0.55 pg g(-1) w.w.), chicken (0.44 pg g(-1) w.w.), vegetables (0.002 pg g(-1) w.w.) and rice (0.0002 pg g(-1) w.w.) in YH, respectively. The monthly intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs for the local residents was 401.75 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1) w.w. in LQ, which is above the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). We determined a monthly intake of 37.13 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)w.w. in YH, which is below the PTMI. Crucian carp was the predominant contributor to the estimated monthly intake (EMI), accounting for 67.74% and 36.51% in LQ and YH, respectively. High levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in selected foods indicate severe contamination of these pollutants in the e-waste recycling site.     

简单式绿色屋顶对雨水径流水质的影响规律研究

绿色屋顶作为海绵城市建设中的重要措施之一,具有良好的环境生态效益。对搭建的5种简单式绿色屋顶装置和混凝土屋面装置进行了天然降雨实测和模拟降雨实验监测比较,分析了各装置出流中总有机碳(TOC)、TN、氨氮、TP和Zn的浓度及负荷,研究了简单式绿色屋顶对屋面雨水径流水质的影响规律。结果表明,简单式绿色屋顶出流中的TOC、TN、氨氮、TP和Zn浓度比混凝土屋面高;简单式绿色屋顶具有径流量截留能力,能够削减部分TN和氨氮负荷,但TOC、TP和Zn浓度较高,导致其污染负荷仍然比混凝土屋面高。种植基质对雨水径流TOC、TN和氨氮浓度有显著影响,对TP和Zn浓度无显著影响;植被对各项污染物浓度均无显著影响;降雨特征对污染物浓度有显著影响。     

不同类型生物滞留介质对雨水径流中多环芳烃的去除效果

生物滞留设施是目前城市雨水控制利用中应用最广泛的措施之一,其中填料类型对雨水径流净化效果具有重要影响.通过实验室模拟实验,研究了不同类型填料生物滞留设施对雨水径流中多环芳烃(PAHs)的去除效果,并以炉渣为例研究了填料内部累积的PAHs降解特征.结果表明,不同类型填料对PAHs的去除效果从高到低依次为:炉渣砂土陶粒沸石,填料类型对PAHs的净化效果具有一定选择性;PAHs不同组分在不同填料中净化效果也不同,4种填料对2环PAHs净化效率均较高,约为70%,对56环的净化效率也均在50%以上,对4环PAHs的净化效率较低,约为40%.因此,生物滞留设施中填料类型对PAHs净化效果具有重要影响,实际工程中应根据PAHs的净化需求选择合适的填料.     

建筑垃圾对雨水径流中磷的吸附特性

以经过筛分、破碎等预处理后的砖砼建筑垃圾为研究对象,采用人工模拟雨水径流,通过静态吸附、动态吸附和脱附实验,研究了不同粒径粒级建筑垃圾对雨水径流中磷酸根的吸附效果和脱附特征.结果表明,建筑垃圾对磷酸根的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir等温模型能较好地描述其等温吸附过程;粒径粒级对建筑垃圾吸附磷酸根的效果具有重要影响,粒径粒级越小,对磷的去除效率越高,1—2.5 mm粒径的建筑垃圾对磷酸根去除率最大,其值为55%,建筑垃圾的粒径对磷的吸附平衡时间、吸附速率和吸附量也具有较大影响,粒径粒级1—2.5 mm的建筑垃圾对磷酸根的平衡吸附量最大值为7.8μg·g~(-1).建筑垃圾吸附的磷酸根在雨水径流pH值为5—9的范围内溶出风险较小.     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在水相中的吸附性能

以双酚A (BPA)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,沉淀聚合法制备了BPA的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs).聚合物在BPA超纯水溶液中的吸附实验结果表明,MIPs对BPA的吸附量和吸附速率大于非印迹聚合物.通过Scatchard分析,MIPs对BPA的最大表观吸附...     

Denitrification using PBS as carbon source and biofilm support in a packed-bed bioreactor

Biodegradable polymer was used as carbon source and biofilm support for nitrate removal from aqueous solution as an attractive alternative for biological denitrification. The objective of this paper was to investigate the denitrification performance and microbial community of a packed-bed bioreactor using poly (butanediol succinate) (PBS), a biodegradable polymer, as carbon source and biofilm support. NO₃–N concentration was determined by UV spectrophotometer. NO₂–N concentration was assayed by hydrochloric acid naphthyl ethylenediamine spectrophotometry method. Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured using a TOC analyzer. The morphology of the samples was observed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The microbial community was analyzed by pyrosequencing method. The experimental results showed that an average removal efficiency of nitrate was 95 %. ESEM observation and FTIR analysis indicated the changes of PBS granules before and after microbial utilization. Pyrosequencing results showed that Betaproteobacteria predominated, and most of PBS-degrading denitrifying bacteria were assigned to the family Comamonadaceae. Denitrifying bacteria accounted for 13.02 % in total population. The PBS granules were suitable support and carbon source for denitrifying bacteria.