吉林省糠醛工业发展现状与地方环境标准的比对分析

糠醛工业属重污染行业。本文结合吉林省糠醛工业实际生产状况和污染防治的发展趋势,针对糠醛工业粉尘、甲醇、丙酮、气态糠醛及臭气浓度排放量的实测数据进行了系统的比对分析,并为吉林省《糠醛工业污染物控制要求》中"大气污染物排放要求"的进一步完善、升级提出了合理化建议。     

臭氧联合过硫酸氢钾复合盐氧化降解水中酮洛芬的研究

利用臭氧(O_3)以及臭氧联合过硫酸氢钾复合盐(O3/PMS)降解酮洛芬(KET)模拟废水,对比了两个体系中酮洛芬的降解效果以及初始pH值对酮洛芬降解的影响,并探究了降解机理.结果表明,酮洛芬的降解符合准一级动力学.PMS能促进臭氧氧化降解酮洛芬,在一定实验条件下其促进率为58.6%.初始pH值对两个体系降解酮洛芬均有明显的影响,pH值越高,降解效果越好.体系中同时存在O_3、·OH及SO_4~(·-),它们对酮洛芬降解的贡献率分别为4.35%、54.35%、41.30%.     

Dynamic equity carbon permit allocation scheme to limit global warming to two degrees

Significant international collaboration is required to limit global temperature increase to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Equity is the foundation of cooperation, and therefore, this study proposed a new dynamic carbon permit allocation scheme based on four principles: equality, historical responsibility, capability, and future development opportunities. Decision makers could have different preferences for allocating carbon permits, therefore, four equity rules or indicators (equality, responsibility, capacity, and sovereignty) were assigned different weights. Based on the global carbon budget of the 2 °C target, emission permits were calculated and relevant economic implications analyzed using the Global Change Assessment Model. Results indicated that developed countries should reduce emissions immediately, while allowances for developing regions could permit an initial increase in emissions until peaking. Applying different weights to the indicators resulted in multifarious regional allowances. Developed regions would benefit from the “preferring sovereignty” scenario and most developing countries would benefit under the “preferring responsibility” and “preferring capacity” scenarios. Compared with the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this study found that in the short term, developed countries might insist on sovereignty as the preferred indicator. However, preferring sovereignty would place substantial mitigation pressures on developing countries in the long term. Therefore, in addressing global climate change, a dynamic choice in the weighting distribution for different indicators might be conducive to international agreement. Furthermore, a market-based trading instrument could help all participants both mitigate global climate change by reducing regional and global costs and facilitate mitigation capital flow from developed to less developed regions.     

Reduction of nitrobenzene by the catalyzed Fe/Cu process

The polarization behavior of the couple Fe/Cu in 100 mg/L nitrobenzene aqueous solution was studied using Evans coupling diagrams.The results indicated that the iron corrosion was limited by both anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions under the neutral conditions,and cathodically controlled under the alkaline conditions.Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of solution pH,reaction duration,concentration,type of electrolyte,and dissolved oxygen(DO)on the reduction of nitrobenzene by the ca...     

黑龙江省饮用水水源地技术保障体系研究

根据黑龙江省水资源和水源地概况,提出了体系构成原则,建立了饮用水水源地技术保障体系。研究成果可为黑龙江省饮用水水源地环境保护工作的开展提供技术支撑。     

基于分形理论的滑坡空间分布特征研究

以"汶川地震"极端事件为时间分段点,基于ArcGIS网格法定量分析汶川地震重灾区滑坡空间分布的分形分维特征,得出汶川地震重灾区滑坡在震前和震后均具有分形特征。研究表明,汶川地震重灾区滑坡点的空间分布具有统计意义上的自相似结构,无特征尺度。基于分形理论的汶川地震重灾区滑坡空间分布特征分析为进一步研究滑坡的敏感性、危险性及滑坡风险预警奠定了重要的理论基础和前提。     

电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水的研究

为了有效控制重金属废水对环境的污染,采用电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水,考察了进水pH、电极电流密度和水流量对铜去除率的影响。结果表明:该技术的最佳进水pH值为5.8,电极电流密度为10 A/m2,水流量为2 L/min。在此条件下,对不同浓度的含铜废水进行处理,铜去除率均在95%以上,最高可达99.02%。由此可见,电絮凝-膜过滤技术对含铜废水具有良好的处理效果。     

高寒草甸不同植被类型土壤全氮含量变化动态分析

采用凯氏定氮法对高寒草甸不同植被类型土壤全氮进行季节动态测定分析,结果表明:在整个生长季中0～20 cm层土壤全氮质量分数的顺序为:藏嵩草沼泽化草甸(Kobresia-swamp meadow)>露梅灌丛草甸(Dasiphoru fruticosa shrubs)>人工燕麦草地(Avena sativa artficial grassland)>矮嵩草草甸(Kobresia humilis meadow)>矮嵩草退化草地(Kobresia humilis-degraded grassland).原生植被草甸类型下单位面积土壤全氮含量远高于退化草地.藏嵩草沼泽化草甸土壤每平方米的全氮含量最高,达到0.712 kg,金露梅草甸次之,两者之间差异性不显著(p>0.05);其他三种草地类型单位面积土壤全氮含量差异性显著(p<0.05);原生草甸矮嵩草草甸每平方米全氮平均含量为0.406 kg,而退化的矮嵩草草地每平方米全氮平均含量为0.301 kg,可以推算,土地退化导致土壤全氮流失的量为0.105kg,即高寒草地退化导致25.86%氮流失.随着季节的变化,土壤全氮质量分数随生长季均有所增加,最高值都出现在8月份,但各月份之间土壤全氮质量分数变化差异性不显著(p>0.05).原生植被0～10 cm层土壤全氮含量高于10～2O cm层,人工草地与退化草地差异性不显著.     

用自旋标记方法研究环境诱变剂对健康人红细胞膜动态性质的影响

健康人的完整血红细胞膜用脂肪酸自旋标记物Ⅰ(12,3)和Ⅰ(1,14)标记,测得其ESR波谱·氟化钠、重铬酸钾、丝裂霉素C和秋水仙素等环境诱变剂较显著地改变膜的序参数S和旋转相关时间,尤在膜表层,S和明显增大。温度曲线表明,人血的完整红细胞膜的相变点在膜表层和深层分别是38℃和40.0℃。在诱变剂作用下,膜类酯的动力学性质有明显变化。     

催化铁内电解法处理难降解有机废水

催化铁内电解法是一种新型的有效处理废水的方法。在传统的铁碳内电解中加入无机催化剂铜，扩大原电池的两极电位差，使更多的有机物得到还原。结果表明，催化铁内电解法可改善难降解有机废水的可生化性，使活性艳红染料废水的B/C比从0升高到0.15。运行成本低廉、预处理能耗低，催化剂铜经连续运行数月后未发生纯化现象，只需一次性投资。