中国的碳足迹来自哪里

在当前席卷全球的低碳浪潮中,“碳足迹”这一名词尤其引人注意。碳足迹是一个非常形象的比喻,它来源于英语单词“Carbon Footprint”,是指我们每一个人、每一项活动、使用的每一项产品在排放中留下的足迹,就是“碳耗用量”;碳耗用得多,导致全球变暖的元凶二氧化碳也制造得多。碳足迹可以针对个体、企业、组织乃至国家,对于我们个人来说,碳足迹也许就是开车上下班等日常的一些行为,而对于一个国家来说,碳足迹则意味着在不同地区及不同行业排放行为的总和。     

国外产品碳足迹评价的发展

随着全球人口和经济规模不断增长,人类活动产生的温室气体的排放加速了全球气候变化及环境影响,而且这种影响越发严重。根据气候科学家的计算,到2050年,全球二氧化碳排放量的水平与2000年相比必须减少85％,才能使全球平均气温与工业化以前的水平相比上升不超过2℃。而高于这个温升水平将会给人类和生态系统带来无法预计的影响。因此,当前迫切的任务是加大力度减少温室气体的排放。     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence

Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon （SOC） of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China＇s paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C： very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied.     

遭遇欧盟排放新政中国航空业将何去何从

欧盟已于2008年通过法案,自2012年1月1日起正式将所有欧盟和非欧盟航班纳入欧盟温室气体排放交易系统(EU-ETS)。国际航空业对此的反应不一,欧盟此举也对中国航空业产生了重要影响。根据国际能源机构(IEA)统计,全球航空业2008年二氧化碳排放(包括国际航空和国内航空)占总化石燃料二氧化碳排放的2.6%,虽然其比例不高,但航空业却是全球二氧化     

信息动态

1.衣物篇尽量不干洗衣物衣物干洗后往往整洁如新,这让很多人动辄就将衣服送去干洗。其实,干洗机耗水、耗电量大,是环境的"大敌",而且还存在很多健康、污染问题。目前干洗店常用的普通简易型干洗机,一次洗涤量耗电20度以上,相当于排放15.7千克二氧化碳,同时需耗水600公斤以上。此外干洗机在干洗过程中还存在着较多的污染和健康问题。一是干洗机大多以四氯乙烯为溶剂,而四氯乙烯是有毒的化工产品,干洗后衣物上残存的四氯乙烯将对使用者造成危害;二是干洗     

Factors affecting the direct mineralization of CO2 with olivine

Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage. Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2 gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology.     

英国可替代能源及节能

人类正面临着严重的石油短缺,因此正在努力减少化石燃料的使用以抑制温室气体排放所造成的全球变暖趋势。在此紧要关头,风能、太阳能、生物燃料等可替代能源就显示出了重要性。由于目前西欧正逐渐成为世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,这使得西欧在推行替代能源的过程中面临     

德班注定是最后的救命稻草:需要科学发展与环境展望

不看好的德班德班会议将是一场"灾难"。即使对现有的附加件工名单国家,《京都议定书》也不会获得延期,而且也必然不会延伸到其他国家。各国将重回各自为政的局面:增加消耗、加快增长,追求不可持续且可望不可及的发展目标。哥本哈根会议展现了参会代表仍按照200年前工业革命的发展概念来表达观点。坎昆会议,与会者     

给地球降温

目前,全球面临的最大危机是粮食问题,造成这一危机的原因除了各国政府在农业政策方面考虑欠缺外,另外一个主要因素就是全球气候变暖。全球变暖已引起很多灾难的相继发生,面对地球的持续"发烧",我们必须从根本上寻找原因并采取措施给地球"降温",防止危机的到来。