含氮有机物深度氧化催化剂：PCN—1型性能的研究

考察了PCN—1型催化剂对N.N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、正丁胺、环己胺,苯胺、硝基苯、丙酮、甲苯等有机物完全氧化的活性,检测了DMF、正丁胺在不同温度下氧化分解产生的NOx含量。实验结果表明,PCN—1型催化剂对DMF、正丁胺、丙酮的氧化活性较高,而且能抑制DMF、正丁胺氧化过程NOx的形成在空速5000～15000h~1,DMF、正丁胺浓度分别在3000～5000mg/m~3、2000～3000mg/m~3时,T_(98)≤300℃,在完全氧化温度以上,100℃以下时,NOx控制率≥90％该催化剂主要应用于含有机胺及酮类的工业废气的净化     

光降解制药废水的试验研究

研究了紫外光催化氧化法对制药废水的降解机理。考察了 Ti O2 投加量与污染物初始浓度的关系 ,并经初步估算其量子效率为 6.1 %     

利用超细γ-Al2O3/CuO催化剂催化降解染料废水的研究

采用超细γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３为载体，担载ＣｕＯ，制备去除难生化降解有机废水ＣＯＤ用的高效催化剂（γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＣｕＯ），以水溶性偶氮染料活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ为处理对象，研究了操作参数对Ｘ－３Ｂ去除率的影响，以此形成有效的染料废水降解工艺，并用于指导实际废水的处理。利用制备的多相催化剂处理ＣＯＤ为５７００ｍｇ／ｌ、色度为３１００位的实际染料废水，ＣＯＤ和色度去除率分别约为７７％和９９％。     

柴油机尾气净化用的钙钛矿型催化剂的研究

用浸渍法制备了多种ABO_3型催化剂,考察了多种因素对其活性的影响及作用机制。柴油机台架实验结果表明,在A位掺杂Sr可提高催化剂的活性;稀土在最后一次浸渍液中浸渍,以二次浸渍为宜;堇青石陶瓷蜂窝状催化剂的性能优于γ-Al_2O_3球状催化剂。蜂窝状催化剂上CO的起燃温度T_(50)％=110℃,而T_(90)％=157℃;在温度仅为200℃,而空速高达70000h~(-1)的条件下CO的净化率仍达90％;积碳起燃温度为323℃,优于Pt族贵金属催化剂;热稳定性和对CO浓度的适应性较好,且具有抗SO_2中毒能力。     

Reductive dechlorination for remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls

Technologies such as thermal, oxidative, reductive, and microbial methods for the remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been reviewed. Based on energy consumption, formation of PCDD/F, and remediation efficiency, reductive methods have emerged as being advantageous for remediation of PCBs. However, many new developments in this field have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, reductive technologies published in the last decade related to remediation of PCBs will be reviewed here. Three categories, including catalytic hydrodechlorination with H₂, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, and other reductive dechlorination methods (e.g., hydrogen-transfer dechlorination, base-catalyzed dechlorination, and sodium dispersion) are specifically reviewed. In addition, the advantages of each remediation technology are discussed. In this review, 108 articles are referenced.     

Removal of carbon disulfide via coupled reactions on a bi-functional catalyst: experimental and modeling results

A mathematical model describing the rate of carbon disulfide (CS₂) removal due to coupled reactions has been developed. Kinetic studies were carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and a range of temperatures (85–125 °C). The effects of flow rate, CS₂ inlet concentration, temperature and relative humidity were analyzed. A kinetic model based on axial dispersion, external and internal mass-transfer resistances, as well as effects of S deposition on the inner-face of the catalyst was in agreement with the CS₂ experimental breakthrough curves. The mathematical model can be used for process design and scale up of similar systems.     

Catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid over a Pt/CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2/γ-alumina catalyst

Pt/CeO₂–ZrO₂–SnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and wet impregnation methods for catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid in water. In the present catalysts, Pt and CeO₂–ZrO₂–SnO₂ were successfully dispersed on the γ-Al₂O₃ support. Dependences of platinum content and reaction time on the selective oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid were investigated to optimize the reaction conditions for obtaining both high acetaldehyde conversion and highest selectivity to acetic acid. Among the catalysts, a Pt(6.4 wt.%)/Ce_0.68Zr_0.17Sn_0.15O_2.0(16 wt.%)/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst showed the highest acetaldehyde oxidation activity. On this catalyst, acetaldehyde was completely oxidized after the reaction at 0°C for 8 hr, and the selectivity to acetic acid reached to 95% and higher after the reaction for 4 hr and longer.     

催化湿式氧化技术中催化剂应用研究的新进展

催化湿式氧化技术是在高温高压条件下处理高浓度、有毒有害且难生物降解污染物的一种高级氧化技术。本文在检索了国内外大量参考文献的基础上,概述了催化湿式氧化技术的最新进展,总结了催化湿式氧化技术中催化剂的分类、组成、应用及失活现象,以期对有关研究者提供一定的参考。     

Catalytic degradation of PP with an Fe/activated carbon catalyst

We investigated the function of Fe and activated carbon (AC) as a catalyst by comparing Fe/AC with Fe/SiO₂ or AC, and also the effect of H₂ as a reaction gas on the product distribution in the catalytic degradation of polypropylene. Supported Fe promotes H₂ consumption to decompose solid residues, and AC support degrades heavy oil to produce light oil. As a result, using Fe/AC as a catalyst gives the maximum yield of the liquid product. For the reaction conditions, with a high reaction temperature or a long reaction time, the product distribution is more influenced by the thermal degradation than by the catalytic degradation. For the amount of Fe to load, 5wt% is the optimum condition in our reaction system. We demonstrated the mechanism of the degradation of polyolefins with hydrogen-capping catalysts.     

Abatement of mixed volatile organic compounds in a catalytic hybrid surface/packed-bed discharge plasma reactor

In this study, post plasma-catalysis degradation of mixed volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) has been performed in a hybrid surface/packed-bed discharge plasma reactor with Ag-Ce/g-Al₂O₃ catalyst at room temperature. The effect of relative air humidity on mixed VOCs degradation has also been investigated in both plasma-only and PPC systems. In comparison to the plasma-only system, a significant improvement can be observed in the degradation performance of mixed VOCs in PPC system with Ag-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. In PPC system, 68% benzene, 89% toluene, and 94% xylene were degraded at 800 J·L^–1, respectively, which were 25%, 11%, and 9% higher than those in plasma-only system. This result can be attributed to the high catalytic activity of Ag-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst to effectively decompose O₃ and lead to generating more reactive species which are capable of destructing the VOCs molecules completely. Moreover, the presence of Ag-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst in plasma significantly decreased the emission of discharge byproducts (NO_x and O₃) and promoted the mineralization of mixed VOCs towards CO₂. Adding a small amount of water vapor into PPC system enhanced the degradation efficiencies of mixed VOCs, however, further increasing water vapor had a negative impact on the degradation efficiencies, which was primarily attributed to the quenching of energetic electrons by water vapor in plasma and the competitive adsorption of water vapor on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the catalysts before and after discharge were characterized by the Brunauer-Emment-Teller and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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