浅论现代环境监测建设

环境监测是环境保护工作的基础,在防治环境污染,解决现存的或潜在的环境问题,实现环境与经济的协调发展中具有重要作用。文章介绍了国内外环境监测现状,指出环境监测在社会生活中的作用,强调现代环境监测需完善环境建设管理机制和加强监测质量全过程管理,展望了现代环境监测建设的发展方向,并对环境监测建设提出建议。     

腐殖酸还原Fe(Ⅲ)的影响因素研究

研究了腐殖酸还原溶解性Fe(Ⅲ)反应的影响因素,以及腐殖酸对赤铁矿、磁铁矿、针铁矿和钢渣4种含Fe(Ⅲ)矿物的还原作用,探讨了腐殖酸还原溶解Fe(Ⅲ)的反应机制.结果表明,腐殖酸还原溶解性Fe(Ⅲ)的反应符合零级动力学方程.增加腐殖酸或溶解性Fe(Ⅲ)浓度、降低pH或使用可见光照射均能促进反应进行.腐殖酸能直接还原含Fe(Ⅲ)矿物生成溶解性Fe(Ⅱ),对不同含Fe(Ⅲ)矿物的还原效果依次为针铁矿>赤铁矿>磁铁矿>钢渣.红外光谱分析表明,腐殖酸含有的还原性官能团酚羟基和羧基与溶解性Fe(Ⅲ)络合在一起形成稳定的螯合结构,传递电子给溶解性Fe(Ⅲ).溶解性Fe(Ⅲ)得到电子,生成溶解性Fe(Ⅱ).     

烧结法赤泥基本特性的研究

主要运用多种分析检测方法和手段，对山东铝业公司的烧结法赤泥的基本特性进行了深入系统的研究，以期揭示赤泥特性与用途之间的相关关系，为烧结法赤泥综合利用提供必要的基础数据和科学依据。     

Pros and cons of climate change in China

Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(RD)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China.     

Crystalline phase evolution behavior and physicochemical properties of glass–ceramics from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Appropriate management and treatment of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant have become an urgent environmental protection...     

含硅酸盐水解Fe(Ⅲ)溶液的形态分析方法——Fe-Ferron与β-Silicomolybdate法相结合

本文对含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液的形态分析方法进行了研究,对其中pH以及Fe（Ⅲ）浓度对反应的影响作了一定的探讨,实验结果表明,在pH为5.0,控制Fe（Ⅲ）浓度在8×10~(-5)mol·l~(-1)以下较为适宜。应用Ferron法与β-Silicomolybdate法相结合,可以分别获得含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液中Fe（Ⅲ）与Silica的赋存形态及其分布。因此,可以进一步应用于各种条件下含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液中的形态分布及其转化规律的研究。     

饮用水源水无机金属污染的应急处理

根据密云水库供水现状，针对突发性无机金属污染事件，采用聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法进行应急处理。选用Cu2＋、Fe2＋、Zn2＋和Cd2＋ 4种金属离子为目标污染物，首先通过小试实验确立了最佳混凝处理条件。结果表明，调节pH值为8．0左右，可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Cu2＋浓度降至0．96mg／L和0．67mg／L；初始浓度为1．5mg／L和3mg／L的Fe2＋浓度降至0．27mg／L和0．24mg／L；初始浓度为0．05mg／L和0．1mg／L的Cd2＋浓度降为0．0089mg／L和0．0078mg／L；调节pH值为9．0时，可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Zn2＋浓度降至0．57mg／L和0．48mg／L。4种污染物出水浓度均低于国家饮用水标准。在小试基础上，在北京第九水厂开展无机金属污染处理的中试实验，结果表明所选用的聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法简便易行，可实现污染物快速、有效去除。     

铜-胺改性ZSM-5吸附剂的制备及其对NOx的净化机理

以ZSM-5分子筛粉体为原料，成型后负载铜盐和有机胺改性，制备出一种高效脱除氮氧化物的吸附剂。通过改变铜盐、有机胺的含量以及铜盐活化温度使吸附剂的性能得到优化，在实验条件下（NO：初浓度1000mg／m^3，气流2．7L／min）床层对NO2动态吸附的透过时间由改性前的3min提高到90min，并使NO气体的释放得到有效减缓。通过动态吸附实验研究了NO释放时间在负载前后的变化，通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和红外分析（FTIR）研究了吸附剂表面铜元素、有机基团等在吸附前后的变化规律，提出了可能的净化机理。     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.     

昆山市大气 PM 2．5中无机元素污染特征研究

应用SEM－EDS结合XRF法测定了2013年8月－2014年5月昆山市7个不同地区大气PM2．5中无机元素的污染水平。研究发现,昆山地区一共可检出40种无机元素,其中主要的22种元素浓度范围在3.02～1113 ng／m3之间,合计为3784 ng／m3;PM2．5中无机元素季节变化明显,呈现春秋季高,夏冬季低的变化特点。无机元素的空间变化不大。通过富集因子的研究,Sc、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Cd、Pb、Se、Ag、Sn、Sb和Tl等13种元素EF＞10,富集程度非常高,说明人类活动对这些元素的贡献较大。