Lead(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solution using processed walnut shell: kinetic and equilibrium study

The biosorption potential of processed walnut shell for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions was explored. The effects of pH, contact time, initial ion concentration, and amount of dried adsorbent were studied in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption was achieved within the pH range 4.0–6.0. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 32?g?kg^?1 and 11.6?g?kg^?1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The structural features of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COO^–), and carbonyl (C=O) groups in metal sorption. This readily available adsorbent is efficient in the uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from an aqueous solution and could be used for the treatment of wastewater streams bearing these metal ions.     

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG^o (−0.8– −4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH^o (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS^o (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr(III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E_a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intra-particle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

黑木耳菌糠对Cu2+的生物吸附及其机理

针对现代工业废水中铜离子的污染及黑木耳产业链中菌糠废弃物资源化等问题,以黑木耳菌糠为吸附剂去除废水中的Cu2+.通过单因素试验确定响应面的高水平条件,并用响应面方法对其优化,确定最佳吸附条件;采用SEM-EDX、FTIR和XRD等手段对吸附前后的菌糠进行表征,初步探索了菌糠吸附的机理.结果显示:最佳单因素条件为菌糠投加量30.0 g·L-1、pH 7.0、Cu2+初始浓度75 mg·L-1、吸附时间120 min、温度25℃、转速150 r·min-1,吸附率为77.96%.响应面分析显示投加量、吸附时间和pH为显著因素.优化后投加量为31.6 g·L-1,吸附时间134 min,pH 7.0,吸附率可达80.51%,吸附符合Langmuir等温方程.菌糠表面疏松多孔,极易通过物理吸附方式吸附Cu2+,菌糠表面的氨基、羟基、酮基和羧基可以有效配位络合Cu2+.研究结果表明,黑木耳菌糠作为一种高效廉价环保的吸附剂,可用于Cu2+废水的处理.     

好氧颗粒污泥细菌藻酸盐对Cu~(2+)的生物吸附和机制探讨

以好氧颗粒污泥中提取的细菌藻酸盐为原料制备干藻酸钙吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行了吸附研究.对比了不同pH值和吸附剂投加量对吸附性能的影响,同时对吸附过程进行了模型拟合,测定了该吸附剂的解吸性能,并用傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析对吸附机制进行了探讨.结果表明,藻酸钙对Cu2+的吸附反应是一个比较快速的过程.当Cu2+初始浓度为100 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.7g/L时,吸附最佳pH值为4,吸附能力为67.67 mg/g.吸附过程可用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来描述.好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附过程中有离子交换和pH值升高现象发生,溶液中的Cu2+与吸附剂上Ca2+交换的同时需要有H+的参与来维持电荷平衡.傅立叶变换红外二阶导数光谱和原子力显微镜分析表明,好氧颗粒污泥藻酸钙吸附剂中MG嵌段与Cu2+和Ca2+结合的方式不同,Cu2+能与吸附剂表面的MG嵌段发生螯合,使藻酸钙表面的结构更加有序.以100 mmol/L HCl为解吸剂,解吸效率可达到91%.     

生物吸附法去除重金属离子的研究进展

本文对生物吸附去除重金属污染的研究和应用现状进行了综合评述.首先,介绍了细菌、真菌、藻类这3类研究较多的生物吸附剂,比较了它们对重金属离子的吸附容量,并简要介绍了一些新型的吸附剂.然后,讨论了生物吸附的影响因素、吸附机理、吸附剂的预处理和固定化、吸附等温式和吸附动力学模型等.最后,介绍了生物吸附法的应用情况.本文还展望了生物吸附法研究和应用的两个可能发展方向,一是利用包括生物吸附在内的多种工艺的综合技术,特别是利用活细胞来处理实际废水.二是开发出类似于离子交换树脂的商业化生物吸附剂,并努力开拓商业市场.     

厌氧颗粒污泥对有机污染物的初期吸附机制

为研究厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附机制,在实验室条件下,采用静态、序批的方法考察了活的和灭活的厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物COD的初期吸附率之差异,推算了吸附过程中热力学参数值,并对厌氧颗粒污泥初期吸附有机污染物前后的红外光谱进行了比对分析,结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附是一个复杂的综合过程,初期吸附作用主要表现为物理吸附,占总吸附去除COD的70%多,其次为生物吸附,大约在总吸附去除COD的20%～35%之间。红外光谱分析表明,厌氧颗粒污泥表面上的一些功能基团参与了对有机污染物的吸附作用,这些基团包括-OH、-CH2、-CH3、P-H、C=O、C-N及S=O。     

Isolation,identification, Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption isotherms and kinetics of a lead adsorbing Penicillium sp. MRF-1 from South Korean mine soil

A heavy metal contaminated soil sample collected from a mine in Chonnam Province of South Korea was found to be a source of heavy metal adsorbing biosorbents. Chemical analyses showed high contents of lead (Pb) at 357 mg/kg and cyanide (CN) at 14.6 mg/kg in the soil. The experimental results showed that Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was the best lead resistant fungus among the four individual metal tolerant fungal species isolated from the soil. Molecular characterization of Penicillium sp. MRF-1 was determined using ITS regions sequences. E ects of pH, temperature and contact time on adsorption of Pb(II) by Penicillium sp. MRF-1 were studied. Favorable conditions for maximum biosportion were found at pH 4 with 3 hr contact time. Biosorption of Pb(II) gradually increased with increasing temperature. E cient performance of the biosorbent was described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. Biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 showed the maximum desorption in alkali conditions. Consistent adsorption/desorption potential of the biosorbent in repetitive cycles validated the e cacy of it in large scale. SEM studies given notes on surface modification of fungal biomass under metal stress and FT-IR results showed the presence of amino groups in the surface structure of the biosorbent. In conclusion, the new biosorbent Penicillium sp. MRF-1 may potentially be used as an inexpensive, easily cultivatable material for the removal of lead from aqueous solution.     

水浮莲干体吸附去除水中的锑(Ⅲ)

以水浮莲干体为生物吸附剂,考察不同吸附时间、初始pH、水浮莲干体量、摇床转速和反应温度等因素对废水中锑(Ⅲ)的吸附影响;同时通过FTIR、动力学模型以及等温吸附模型等对吸附机理进行研究。结果表明:Sb3+初始浓度为50 mg/L、溶液初始pH为6.8、水浮莲干体用量为1.0 g/25 mL、于(25±1)℃的恒温振荡摇床中以100 r/min振荡吸附反应120 min后,吸附率可达76.8%。水浮莲干体对Sb3+的吸附是一个快速的过程,前10 min的吸附率为52.7%,60 min达到吸附平衡;初始pH对Sb3+的吸附有显著的影响,适宜pH为6.8;在一定范围内,干体量的增加、摇床转速的增大以及温度的升高都会导致吸附率升高。结合FTIR谱图分析得出吸附为化学、物理吸附;准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型能更好地描述水浮莲干体对Sb3+的吸附过程;Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型均适合对吸附过程进行拟合,但Lang-muir模型能更好地反映吸附特性,298 K时最大吸附量为1.394 mg/g。水浮莲干体对Sb3+有良好的吸附效果,可用于处理含锑废水,达到以废治废的目的。     

固定化枝孢霉对铜离子的生物吸附

对固定化枝孢霉(Cladosporiumsp.)吸附Cu2+进行了研究,结果表明,当海藻酸钙浓度为3%,CaCl2浓度为4%,菌量为15%(V:V)时,包埋制得的固定化小球具有较好的机械性能和较高的吸附量。并考察了不同因素如接触反应时间,溶液的pH,温度对生物吸附的影响,结果表明:生物吸附平衡时间为3h左右,固定化空白小球和活菌的最佳pH值分别为3.5和4.0,在15℃～45℃的温度范围内,温度对吸附量变化有一定的影响。在一定浓度范围(30～500mg/L)内,生物吸附随浓度的增加而增加,Langmuir型吸附模式较好描述Cu2+在固定化小球的吸附实验数据,其线性回归系数高达0.99,HCl、HNO3、柠檬酸都是有效的解吸剂,解吸吸附后的海藻酸钙小球,解吸率都在92%以上,其中以硝酸的解吸效果为最好。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征，分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验，同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下，棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g；动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程，吸附达到平衡的时间为3h；热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。