废水处理用生物填料的研究进展

概述了废 (污 )水处理用生物填料的现状和发展 ,并针对现今水处理用生物填料存在的亲水性和生物亲和性(活性 )不足这一问题 ,提出了解决办法和发展方向 ,指出生物亲和亲水活性磁种填料的应用 ,可望大大提高废水生物降解的效率。     

Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio

• Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks. The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used Anodkalness^TM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH₄⁺-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.     

LNG船码头锚链安装的安全管理

本文针对LNG船码头锚链安装工艺,通过作业人员现场的实地考察,对LNG船码头锚链安装施工作业各个环节进行了风险评估,并根据实际的锚链安装过程,指出了船厂值得借鉴的经验和建议。     

适用于BAF的粉煤灰免烧陶粒的制备

为拓宽粉煤灰免烧陶粒的应用范围,使免烧法得以推广,本实验通过激发粉煤灰的潜在活性并选用污水厂剩余污泥为添加剂的方法制备免烧陶粒,使产品比市售烧结陶粒更适用于污水处理领域,为粉煤灰、污泥的处理提供一条经济合理的途径。实验对粉煤灰活性激发机理、污泥添加作用和陶粒物相组成(XRD)进行研究。制备陶粒产品的主要性能指标是破碎率1.9%,,表观密度为1667kg/m3,比表面积7.84m2/g。将制备免烧陶粒和市售烧结陶粒投入曝气生物滤池处理生活污水,结果表明利用污泥为添加剂,可在一定条件下制备出适用于BAF的性能优良的功能陶粒,达到经济节能、变废为宝的目的。     

双室悬浮载体低温工业废水脱氮处理研究

根据生物脱氮原理设计了一套一体化反应器并将其用于工业废水处理,研究双室悬浮载体对工业废水脱氮影响的同时分析了系统中微生物群落的结构组成。结果表明:在低温状态下,双室载体内生物种类较多,且主要以杆菌为主,钟虫和线虫等也较多。COD去除率总体较低但相对稳定,各反应器平均去除率均在65%以上。双室悬浮载体比普通悬浮载体的氨氮和总氮去除率高7%~10%。对处理前后废水进行GC-MS扫描后发现,双室悬浮载体可去除废水中的苯酚类同系物及甲苯并具有一定的脱硫能力。以Grau模型计算了进水底物浓度变化时的底物降解常数,利用双室悬浮载体,HRT为20 h时的底物降解常数最大(0.358)。因此,双室悬浮生物载体对工业废水低温脱氮来说是一种较好的微生物载体。     

固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类典型有机污染物,绿色修复PAHs污染土壤已成为国内外环境和土壤界共同关注的热点问题之一.作为一种新型的微生物修复技术,固定化微生物修复有机污染土壤正受到越来越多的关注,国内外相关研究刚刚开始.本文重点评述了近几年国内外有关固定化微生物技术修复PAHs污染土壤的最新进展,总结了固定化微生物技术的修复原理、微生物固定化载体的选择、高效降解菌的筛选、固定化方法及影响因素等方面,并提出今后的发展方向,为我国开展固定化微生物技术修复有机污染土壤的研究提供参考.     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

利用悬浮填料附着生物膜同步去除碳氮磷

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）处理配制模拟废水，实验结果表明，水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40％时，在不同C／N／P比率条件下，MBBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN去除性能好且稳定，平均去除率分别达到90％、94．8％和62．39％以上，而TP的去除率受C／N／P值影响较大，当C／N／P的比值为100／10／1．8时，平均去除率达到58．03％。一定的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除，同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素，在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg／L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件，在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。     

蜂窝陶瓷载体生物膜技术处理农药废水

以蜂窝陶瓷为载体进行生物挂膜,处理经化学预处理后的某农药厂有机磷和除虫菊酯类混合废水。对处理结果、蜂窝陶瓷载体及其生物挂膜法的特点进行了深入讨论。当废水的COD为1 600～1 700 mg/L,TP(总磷)为70～80mg/L,DMAC(二甲基乙酰胺)为0.8～1.2 mg/L,甲醇为8～12 mg/L,pH为6.8～7.2,水温为27～30℃,流量为0.1 m3/h,水力停留时间为15 h,进水容积负荷约为2.5 kg COD/(m3.d)时,发现15 d就完成生物挂膜,连续运行20 d COD去除率为73%～75%,TP去除率为53%～55%,DMAC去除率为54%～57%,甲醇去除率为91%～93%。与同样条件下的普通活性污泥处理相比,COD去除率提高85%,TP去除率提高83%,DMAC去除率提高119%,甲醇去除率提高27%,排出的剩余活性污泥量减少89%。测得的活性生物膜量为1.8 kg/m2,生物膜的厚度为1.5～2 mm,用偏光显微镜摄取了载体表面生物膜的图像。     

2种填料作为生物膜载体修复微污染河水的比较

采用序批式生物反应器(SBBR),在水温为(19.0±1.5)℃,DO≥4.5 mg/L条件下,比较基于2种生物膜填料(竹丝和空心塑料球)上的微生物对微污染河水中高锰酸钾指数(COD Mn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等的去除效果。结果表明,经过4 h的运行,竹丝作为生物膜载体时,COD Mn、TN的去除分别为17.5%~48.8%和49.38%~70.93%,但TP的去除效果不明显;而基于空心塑料球的生物膜对COD Mn的去除率仅为2.4%~42%,对TN和TP去除效果均不明显。通过显微分析发现,基于竹丝填料生物载体上微生物种类、数量明显多于空心塑料球。