Alga-lysing bioreactor and dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH4^＋-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time （HRT） of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% （in term of Chl-α） of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH4^＋-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

Chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane during ultrafiltration of algal-rich water

Cleaning of hollow-fibre polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with di erent chemical reagents after ultrafiltration of algal-rich water was investigated. Among the tested cleaning reagents (NaOH, HCl, EDTA, and NaClO), 100 mg/L NaClO exhibited the best performance (88.4% 1.1%) in removing the irreversible fouling resistance. This might be attributed to the fact that NaClO could eliminate almost all the major foulants such as carbohydrate-like and protein-like materials on the membrane surface, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, negligible irreversible resistance (1.5% 1.0%) was obtained when the membrane was cleaning by 500 mg/L NaOH for 1.0 hr, although the NaOH solution could also desorb a portion of the major foulants from the fouled PVC membrane. Scanning electronic microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that 500 mg/L NaOH could change the structure of the residual foulants on the membrane, making them more tightly attached to the membrane surface. This phenomenon might be responsible for the negligible membrane permeability restoration after NaOH cleaning. On the other hand, the microscopic analyses reflected that NaClO could e ectively remove the foulants accumulated on the membrane surface.     

刘家峡水库水环境质量生物学评价研究

2008年黄河丰水期和2009年黄河枯水期,对研究区6处标志性区域进行随机采样,采用活体观察和固定染色法鉴定藻类种类,直接计数法统计藻类数量,共鉴定到藻类114种(包括22个未定名物种),隶属于9门11纲17目34科55属。其中,硅藻门47种,占41.22%,以无壳缝目为优势类群;绿藻门24种,占21.05%,为次优势类群;蓝藻门,金藻门,裸藻门为常见类群;隐藻门、甲藻门和黄藻门均为罕见类群。利用藻类群落结构特征、优势种类、藻类污染指数和污生指数等指标对刘家峡水库水质进行评价,结果表明:刘家峡水库水质在1#、2#样区较清洁,3#、4#样区为轻-中度污染,5#、6#样区为重度污染,与采用粪大肠肝菌、DO指标评价结果具有良好一致性。     

滇池蓝藻快速热解液化制取生物油的初步研究

文章采用实验室规模的固定床反应器作为实验平台,对蓝藻快速热解液化制取生物油的可行性进行了探讨,并对影响液化性能的诸多因素,如热解温度(300～700℃)、载气流量(0～400 mL/min)、原料粒径(d＜0.08 nn,0.15＜d＜0.25 mm,0.25＜d＜0.38 mm,0.38＜d＜3.35 mm,d＞3....     

水华蓝藻生物质对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

文章初步研究了水华蓝藻生物质对重金属离子Cu2+的吸附特性,包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线。生物吸附动力学结果表明,Cu2+的生物吸附可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段能较快地达到平衡,而之后的阶段进行缓慢。透析袋处理的蓝藻生物质在不同pH(3,4,5,6)的铜离子溶液条件下,吸附效率依次为62.4%,78.1%,71.2%,60.35%,吸附最大值为7.81 mg/g。水华蓝藻生物质对Cu2+的生物吸附平衡等温线可以用Freundlich模型精确拟合。水华蓝藻生物质在处理低浓度的含Cu2+废水方面有潜力。湖泊富营养化的优势在于产生低成本的、大量的、可收集的水华,这说明自然环境中的藻类资源如蓝藻水华生物质,可能作为商业中使用的生物吸附剂。     

地表水中藻类代谢对pH和含氧量影响分析

藻类代谢对地表水中含氧量和pH均产生影响。藻类光合作用放出氧气,导致地表水中的含氧量增加。藻类光合作用吸收二氧化碳,影响地表水中碳酸及碳酸盐的平衡,导致地表水中pH偏向碱性。地表水中存在的弱酸及弱酸盐也会影响地表水中pH的变化。在同样的光合作用条件下,如果地表水中碳酸及碳酸盐浓度高,则pH变化小;如果地表水中碳酸及碳酸盐浓度低,则pH变化大。     

星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻春化作用基因控制机理

实验证实了星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻的春化作用后,其暴发控制机理成为研究重点。该文通过分析单细胞生物基因操作原理、遗传物质转录复制控制、温度对蛋白质的作用和酶原激活过程等,研究微藻春化作用基因控制机理,提出基因控制模型:激活基因-操纵基因连锁的基因操纵模型,由基因操纵子、调节基因和激活基因组成。该模型阐释2种藻类春末夏初大规模暴发机理:春季,调节基因产生的调节蛋白原被调节蛋白激活酶激活产生的调节蛋白与操纵基因结合,启动结构基因转录合成DNA合成酶系,DNA复制完成,藻体裂殖(繁殖)群体增长;夏季,高温下温度敏感的调节蛋白激活酶变性,使调节蛋白原激活产生变构的调节蛋白,同时与操纵基因和激活基因结合,激活基因不能产生调节蛋白激活酶激活调节蛋白原产生激活蛋白,这时铜绿微囊藻进入生长被抑制状态,星肋小环藻进入高温休眠状态;进入秋季,因之前无低温出现使热变性的激活酶复性,激活产生正常的调节蛋白与操纵基因结合,启动结构基因复制繁殖所需DNA酶系,尽管秋季温光适宜,星肋小环藻不会生长活动,铜绿微囊藻可生长但生长速度低于春末夏初时的生长速度;进入冬季,低温使热变性的激活酶复性,等待来年春暖激活调节蛋白原,启动新一年的藻生长。     

微囊藻群体的竞争优势及其形成机制的研究进展

群体的形成、增大和形态的持久维持是微囊藻获得种群优势进而形成水华并维持优势的前提之一。该文首先介绍了微囊藻群体在藻类种群竞争方面的优势,然后在介绍已有的浮游动物牧食诱导微囊藻群体形成的基础上着重综述了微囊藻毒素及重金属离子等环境因子促进微囊藻群体的早期形成、增大和形态的持久维持的最新研究进展。作者推测微囊藻群体的形成可能是在藻类快速生长的基础上,浮游动物的牧食压力、微囊藻毒素及重金属离子等环境因子共同作用下联合驱动的结果。因此,开展环境因子协同作用对微囊藻早期群体形成诱发效应的研究对揭示水华暴发机理具有非常重要的实际意义,同时可为水华的预警及控制提供科学的参考数据。     

利用水华微藻生物质去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的研究

将野生水华微藻生物质作为吸附材料去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子。实验发现温度对去除效率没有显著影响,而pH值和Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率呈严格负相关。在微藻吸附剂浓度为5.0 g/L、温度25℃、pH值5.0和初始Cr(Ⅵ)离子浓度30.0 mg/L条件下,经过2次吸附可以将水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子降低到0.45 mg/L,去除率达到98.5%。进一步分析表明,溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度随着吸附时间逐步下降,Cr(Ⅲ)浓度会随着吸附时间逐步上升,逐渐接近总Cr浓度,这表明吸附过程中微藻生物质会将部分Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)。本研究表明,野生水华微藻生物质是一种低成本的吸附材料,可以用于去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子。     

饮用水源地的水华对人体健康风险评价

饮用水源地的水华现象近年来在世界各地不断爆发,给人类饮水安全造成极大的威胁。本文通过检测微囊藻毒素和三卤甲烷类物质,利用急性暴露安全阈值（浓度）计算模型,计算出了各自的急性暴露安全阅值,并对健康风险进行了评价。