第二松花江面源污染时空分布规律的研究

第二松花江流域作为松花江干流的主要产水区,其污染年负荷关乎下游水质的安全。面源污染是第二松花江的重要污染来源,采用输出系数法估算面源污染年负荷量,通过流域土地利用类型、社会经济信息等因素,利用有资料年的统计数据,进行面源污染年负荷量在时间、空间上的展布,探寻第二松花江流域面源污染年负荷量的空间分布规律,为水环境管理部门提供理论依据。     

环境工艺方法论研究——地缘资源法

地缘资源法是一种借助地缘优势研发新型环境工艺的重要方法。地缘资源法的核心是发挥资源的地缘优势,在现有条件下选择最佳环境工艺,使工艺技术合理,经济可行,外部条件有支撑。本文论述了地缘资源法理论及其应用实例,揭示了地缘资源法所蕴含的哲学思想。     

中国当代环境法制之传统文化障碍——基于制度运行之现实反思

环境法制的发展,对中国多年来环境领域取得的成就功不可没。中国当代环境法制不仅存在体制矛盾,还受文化制约。环境法制的突出问题主要包括:立法质量不高,授权立法和部门立法色彩浓厚,监管体制发挥作用有限,环境司法救济滞后,环境外部成本难以内化以及公众参与不足。针对上述矛盾,从文化视角分析和解构,充分认知矛盾本身。     

TRIZ进化理论在粉碎机创新安全设计中的应用

为了准确评价林木生物质粉碎机现有产品的技术水平,预测其研发方向以适应规模化生产的需要,将TRIZ进化理论应用于林木生物质粉碎机创新安全设计中,通过TRIZ理论的S曲线分析明确当前产品的技术水平处于初始期,应加大研发力度,提高系统的有用功能,降低成本和有害功能;改进产品可能的结构状态,在此基础上,提出新产品概念方案。在新产品的开发中,应用TRIZ进化理论有助于企业准确定位现有产品的技术成熟度,预测产品未来的发展趋势,作出科学的研发决策,减少研发周期,提高创新能力。     

环境执法责任制是依法行政的根本保证

加强环境行政执法,是当前环境法制工作的重点,是推动环保各项工作开展的关键环节。本文从辛集市环境执法工作中,提出实施执法责任制是依法行政的根本所在。     

Making central-local relations work:Comparing America and China environmental governance systems

The challenge of making central requirements work at local levels is a common problem for environmental governance throughout the world. Countries can learn from one another's approaches, but must understand the local context in which they are set. This paper compares the features of the China and US environmental governance systems that need be understood by those working between the systems. Key features include: (1) common values which shape the environmental governance choices in both countries, but which may have different practical meanings in each country; (2) America's common law-based environmental governance system, and China's civil law system, which involves plan(s) as well as law; (3) America's Federal central-local system, and China's unitary central local system. This paper concludes by suggesting areas in which further comparative understanding may be of value, including: (1) better understanding of the role of plan and law in China's governance system; (2) comparing the American Federal-state agreement system for implementation of environmental law with the China central-local system of target responsibility agreements for plan implementation; (3) improving understanding of nongovernmental resources needed to assure compliance with environmental laws and plans; (4) identifying institutions that can coordinate central-local and cross-border environmental governance.     

不同氨氮浓度对混凝-超滤组合工艺水质处理效果及膜通量的影响

我国地表水源污染物中氨氮是普遍存在的,且难以处理,实验选择混凝-超滤组合工艺,腐殖酸为NOM的代表物,通过考察污染物中氨氮不同含量水平的变化,考察氨氮含量对出水水质、通量下降和污染类型这3个方面的影响。结果表明,在给定实验条件下,氨氮含量由0.1 mg/L增大至0.5 mg/L时,加快了污染物在膜表面的沉积,最终导致出水有机物含量降低。PVDF和PVC膜的TOC去除率分别提高17.31%和23.21%,UV254去除率分别提高2.78%和11.72%,膜组件通量分别下降了3.51%和10.17%。考察膜污染类型,发现氨氮促进了标准孔堵塞和滤饼层形成,同时削弱完全孔堵塞和中间孔堵塞。     

When implementation works: A comparison of Ramsar Convention implementation in different continents

What are the processes that shape implementation of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in multilevel governance? In an attempt to address this question, we move from a top-down view of implementation as compliance with international rules to viewing it as a dynamic process shaped by action at various levels. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands offers an important context to understand the mechanisms that shape multilevel implementation outcomes. We examine Ramsar Convention implementation in Austria, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea in order to identify relevant processes that define multilevel implementation. These cases represent three different types of government, and shed light on the ways in which international law is implemented by respective governments. The Austrian case, a federal government, illustrates the ways in which subnational authorities (the provinces) are influenced by binding regional institutions (EU-rules) to create a more robust context for protection in terms of designation of Ramsar sites. The Mexican case, a semi-federal government, shows how spurred involvement by local NGOs, states, and scientists can result in significant expansion of efforts. The Korean case, a unitary government, demonstrates the ways in which aligning institutional interests (in this case local governments with national ministries) can lead to strong implementation. Analysis of these cases provides two robust findings and one deserving additional study. First, overlapping governance efforts where activity has ties with multiple regional and international biodiversity efforts tend to see cumulative implementation. Second, institutional and organizational complexity can provide opportunities for local actors to drive the implementation agenda through a mix of processes of coordination and contentious politics. A third, more tentative finding, is that multilevel funding sources can ease implementation.     

螺旋藻培养与动力学模型

在内循环气升式光生物反应器中，就螺旋藻细胞在不同碳源培养其中的生长行以及藻细胞对光能和碳源的利用特性进行了初步研究，结果表明，向培养体系中通入气体流量1％的CO2，有助于提高经式培养的细胞终浓度和稳定培养体系的PH环境；改进的Lambert-Beer定律可较好地描述细胞浓度及光程对光衰减的综合影响，引入平均光强和平均比消光量概念，探讨了细胞比生长速率与它们之间的关系；藻液中总碳量随细胞浓度的上升呈指数关系减少，藻细胞对碳源的得率系数在批式 不同时期之间存在差异。图12参9     

新《大气污染防治法》施行,环境监测数据面临考验

新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》确立了超标排污违法的法律地位 ,监测数据将作为实施环境行政处罚的依据。文章从行政处罚、行政复议和行政诉讼三个方面 ,阐述了确保监测数据权威性的重要意义 ;介绍了对废气污染源排放进行监测所存在的问题 ,提出了确保监测数据权威性的建议 ,为环境行政处罚顺利实施提供准确的法律依据。