空调系统对室内空气品质的影响及改进对策

空调系统在系统设计、施工安装及运行管理方面的某些不足，造成了对室内空气品质的不良影响，危及室内人员的身心健康，提出了增加新风量与有效的空气过滤，改进与开发新技术、新产品，减少室内污染物产生及加强对空调系统运行管理等对策。强调改善室内空气品质需要全社会的重视和进行综合治理。     

室内空气污染与人体健康关系探讨

阐述了室内空气污染的定义、种类、来源，国内外研究现状。分析了燃烧产物、被动吸烟，VOC、甲醛，氡及其子体，室内微生物对人体健康的危害。探讨了白血病、“大楼综合症”与室内空气污染的关系。指出由于我国建筑装修（饰）行业管理不到位，法律，法规不健全，建材质量在整体上落后，未能与经济的高速发展同步。且存在严重的地方保护和有法不依，执法不严的现象，使得室内空气污染问题突出，对人体健康造成了很大的危害。提出了严格我国室内空气质量标准的建议。     

办公室内可吸入颗粒物污染初析

测定了普通办公室内空气中可吸入颗粒物的质量浓度，分析了粒径分布，并考察了吸烟对可吸入颗粒物污染的影响，研究表明，办公室内可吸入颗粒以细颗粒为主，ＰＭ〈７．０μｍ的颗粒物占９５％以主，ＰＭ〈１．１μｍ的颗粒物占５０￣７０％，吸烟和室外大气可吸入颗粒物的污染是普通办公室内窃据中可吸入颗粒物污染的重要来源。     

醇酸调和漆中甲醛释放规律研究

以目前国内市场上广泛使用的醇酸调和漆为研究对象,利用按照ASTM E1333-1996标准自行设计的环境测试舱,采用酚试剂比色法,检测醇酸调和漆样品涂刷后空气中甲醛浓度值随时间的变化规律,计算出相应的甲醛释放率,分析甲醛释放特征,并考察环境温度、空气置换率、环境相对湿度等主要环境因子对其影响,同时,建立了甲醛释放率的实测曲线,为建立预测装饰装修材料对室内空气质量影响的评价体系提供可靠数据依据.     

室内甲醛污染和分析

甲醛是室内环境的主要污染物.采用乙酰丙酮分光光度测定方法,通过对一幢五层新建的办公楼随机抽取六间房,每隔3个月分别进行了检测,结果表明室内温度变化对甲醛的释放有较大影响,甲醛的释放随时间逐渐减少.列举了脲醛树脂、酚酞树脂、胺基甲醛树脂等是造成室内甲醛污染的主要来源,甲醛对人体的危害极大,不同国际组织、国家对室内甲醛浓度制定了不同的最高限值.从控制污染源、控制室内条件、处理方法等方面将有效防治室内甲醛污染.     

广州市夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的特征

2004年7月2日至8月13日和2004年11月29日至2005年1月6日分别在广州市3种类型区域(一般城市区域、道路旁、工业源附近)9个居民住宅的室内和室外同步采集了PM2.5颗粒.采用标准称重法测定PM2.5质量浓度,得到广州市夏季住宅室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为67.7、74.5 μg/m3,冬季室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为109.9、123.7 μg/m3.广州市PM2.5平均质量浓度,与美国PM2.5标准相比,与国内PM10标准基础上假设的PM2.5限值相比,与其他一些国内、亚洲和欧美城市的文献记录相比,结果均显示广州市PM2.5处于相当严重污染状态.广州市PM2.5质量浓度呈现明显的空间分布特征和季节变化特征;PM2.5室内质量浓度并不总是低于室外质量浓度,反映了室内空气污染的存在.     

Experiments probing the influence of air exchange rates on secondary organic aerosols derived from indoor chemistry

Reactions between ozone and terpenes have been shown to increase the concentrations of submicron particles in indoor settings. The present study was designed to examine the influence of air exchange rates on the concentrations of these secondary organic aerosols as well as on the evolution of their particle size distributions. The experiments were performed in a manipulated office setting containing a constant source of d-limonene and an ozone generator that was remotely turned “on” or “off” at 6 h intervals. The particle number concentrations were monitored using an optical particle counter with eight-channels ranging from 0.1–0.2 to>2.0 μm diameter. The air exchange rates during the experiments were either high (working hours) or low (non-working hours) and ranged from 1.6 to>12 h⁻¹, with intermediate exchange rates. Given the emission rates of ozone and d-limonene used in these studies, at an air exchange rate of 1.6 h⁻¹ particle number concentration in the 0.1–0.2 μm size-range peaked 1.2 h after the ozone generator was switched on. In the ensuing 4.8 h particle counts increased in successive size-ranges up to the 0.5–0.7 μm diameter range. At higher air exchange rates, the resulting concentrations of total particles and particle mass (calculated from particle counts) were smaller, and at exchange rates exceeding 12 h⁻¹, no excess particle formation was detectable with the instrument used in this study. Particle size evolved through accretion and, in some cases, coagulation. There was evidence for coagulation among particles in the smallest size-range at low air exchange rates (high particle concentrations) but no evidence of coagulation was apparent at higher air exchange rates (lower particle concentrations). At higher air exchange rates the particle count or size distributions were shifted towards smaller particle diameters and less time was required to achieve the maximum concentration in each of the size-ranges where discernable particle growth occurred. These results illustrate still another way in which ventilation affects human exposures in indoor settings. However, the ultimate effects of these exposures on health and well being remain to be determined.     

沈阳市典型公共场所室内环境质量状况分析

通过对沈阳市典型公共场所室内环境质量状况的检测、评价分析,指出目前公共场所室内环境质量存在的问题,并探讨改善质量的方法及对策。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor air and in serum among older residents of upper Hudson River communities

A study was conducted to evaluate the association between PCBs in residential indoor air and in the serum of older, long time residents of three upper Hudson River communities. Samples of indoor air and of serum were collected from 170 persons 55 to 74 years of age, and analyzed for PCBs using glass capillary gas chromatography. After adjusting for age, BMI, cigarette smoking, and Hudson River fish consumption with multiple linear regression analysis, the results indicated statistically significant associations between concentrations in indoor air and serum for PCB-28, a lightly chlorinated congener common in air that accumulates in serum, and PCB-105. Duration of exposure was an important factor, since among persons who had lived in their home for 39 years or more, 11 of the 12 most commonly detected congeners were significantly correlated, as was their sum (∑ PCB). Significant associations between indoor air and serum PCB concentrations also were more likely when collected in cooler months and if the two samples were collected within 20 d of each other. The study is among the first to indicate that PCB concentrations characteristic of residential indoor air are associated with a detectable increase in body burden.