Assessment of total and organic vanadium levels and their bioaccumulation in edible sea cucumbers: tissues distribution,inter-species-specific,locational differences and seasonal variations

The objective of this study is to investigate the levels, inter-species-specific, locational differences and seasonal variations of vanadium in sea cucumbers and to validate further several potential factors controlling the distribution of metals in sea cucumbers. Vanadium levels were evaluated in samples of edible sea cucumbers and were demonstrated exhibit differences in different seasons, species and sampling sites. High vanadium concentrations were measured in the sea cucumbers, and all of the vanadium detected was in an organic form. Mean vanadium concentrations were considerably higher in the blood (sea cucumber) than in the other studied tissues. The highest concentration of vanadium (2.56 μg g⁻¹), as well as a higher degree of organic vanadium (85.5 %), was observed in the Holothuria scabra samples compared with all other samples. Vanadium levels in Apostichopus japonicus from Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea have marked seasonal variations. Average values of 1.09 μg g⁻¹ of total vanadium and 0.79 μg g⁻¹ of organic vanadium were obtained in various species of sea cucumbers. Significant positive correlations between vanadium in the seawater and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 81.67 %, p = 0.00), as well as between vanadium in the sediment and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 77.98 %, p = 0.00), were observed. Vanadium concentrations depend on the seasons (salinity, temperature), species, sampling sites and seawater environment (seawater, sediment). Given the adverse toxicological effects of inorganic vanadium and positive roles in controlling the development of diabetes in humans, a regular monitoring programme of vanadium content in edible sea cucumbers can be recommended.

     

响应面法建立不同经口介质中邻苯二甲酸酯生物有效性预测模型及相关因素

运用响应面法对不同消化基质下邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)生物有效性的相关因素进行筛选建立预测模型,并对主要因素设定值进行分析.研究表明,3种模型中因变量与自变量之间的相关性较好(土壤:R2=0.959;农作物及植物:R2=0.973;脂肪:R2=0.862),模型拟合度较高.通过多次试验模拟,初步认为在土壤消化基质中,设置人体摄入PAEs经口摄入浓度为10μg·g-1,基质质量为0.4g,pH值约为7时,生物吸收量最高.在植物源基质下,污染物浓度在10—11μg·g-1,消化时间在6—7h,基质质量为0.4g为生物吸收量最高.脂肪源中,基质质量在0.4g,污染物浓度在10μg·g-1,脂肪量在10%—11%时,PAEs生物吸收量最高.研究通过重复试验,充分体现了该模型的准确性,及设定条件的可靠性.但本研究仅考虑摄入介质相对单一,污染物化合形态等未在考虑范围内,在后期研究中将补充试验.     

新疆“十三五”城市空气质量评价分析

"十三五"是新疆经济、社会和环境发展的关键期。基于2015-2020年新疆14个城市空气质量年平均数据,采用三年滑动平均方法对新疆"十三五"空气质量进行评价分析。结果表明:全区空气质量优劣依次是北疆>东疆>南疆,其中乌鲁木齐市三年滑动年均优良天数比例呈逐年上升趋势,而和田市与之相反,呈下降趋势,且三年滑动年均下降率达到34.73%,此外阿图什市2020年三年滑动年均变化率从-40.19%上升至35.52%,上升幅度较大,表明空气质量明显改善。城市重污染天数呈高低交错形势,整体变化不明显,其中2018-2020年哈密市三年滑动年均变化率,从-42%上升至64%,上升幅度较大,表明重污染较严重。城市PM_2.5年均浓度整体呈逐年波动下降趋势,而O_3年均浓度整体呈逐年波动上升趋势,且O_3三年滑动年均增长率占比远大于下降率,说明全区整体的臭氧污染情况不容乐观。上述评价结果可为我区空气质量管理提供参考。     

火灾探测的原理和方法(上)

简述了火灾现象的物理特征、火灾探测的基本原理,并对火灾探测算法的建立及发展作了介绍。对产生火灾误报警的原因进行了分析,指出要改善火灾探测的准确性,缺少的不是思路和技术,而是火灾科学基础研究方面的积累。     

防护服装的应用及发展趋势

本文综述了防护服装的需求和分类，分析了防护服装的组成部件和面料层次设计，以阻燃隔热防护服中常用功能材料为例详细分析了纤维性能。并论述了未来防护服装的发展趋势。     

石化企业突发环境风险评价与分级方法研究

为了降低环境污染事故发生频率,急需建立科学高效的环境风险管理体系,而环境风险评估与分级技术是进行环境风险分级管理的前提和基础.本研究在对石化企业环境风险特征分析的基础上,构建了基于危险物质、生产工艺、设备设施、企业管理、企业布局的石化企业突发环境风险综合评价指标体系,并建立了相应的风险评价模型.同时,提出了4级风险分级管理体系,并在此基础上以长江下游某化工园区为例进行研究.结果表明,在园区30家石化企业中,存在特大环境风险的企业有1家,重大环境风险的企业2家,占企业总数的10%.本研究提出的石化企业风险评价指标体系及评价、分级方法科学可行,能够为石化企业风险管理提供决策依据.     

基于支持向量机的地震灾害自动成图方法

地震灾害风险评估中有许多定性图件,目前常用的成图方法是根据研究区的离散点钻孔结果人工勾画,费时费力;或对离散点钻孔结果强制赋予0、1数值,然后进行插值成图,其从逻辑上不能真实反映场地的客观情况。基于支持向量机技术,该文提出了使用分类工具SVC,将不同结果的离散点钻孔在空间上进行合理分类的自动成图方法。相较于传统方法,该方法效率高,成本低。     

Allowance and allocation of industrial volatile organic compounds emission in China for year 2020 and 2030

As an effective pollution control method, emission allowance and allocation just implemented in volatile organic compounds(VOCs) control strategy of China in 2016. This article presents a possible way to set the emission allowance targets and establishes an allowance allocation model for the object year, 2020 and 2030, using 2010 as the reference year. On the basis of regression and scenario analysis method, the emission allowance targets were designed,which were 17.902 Tg and 18.224 Tg for 2020 and 2030, with an increasing rate of 28.75% and31.06% compared to 2010. From the perspective of industries, processes using VOCscontaining products, like machinery and equipment manufacturing, would continue to be the most significant industrial VOCs emission sources in the future of China. Four allocation indicators were selected, which are per capita GDP of each province, per capita industrial VOCs emission of each province, the economic contribution of industrial sector to regional economy of each province, and the emission intensity per land area of each province, respectively.Based on information entropy, the weights of the indicators were calculated and an emission allocation model was established, and the results showed that provinces like Shandong,Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Fujian were calculated to obtain more emission allowance while burden more reduction responsibility. Meanwhile, provinces like Guizhou, Ningxia,Hainan, Qinghai and Xizang were on the contrary. This paper suggests governments to enhance or ease to industrial VOCs reduction burden of each province in order to stimulate its economy or change its way of economy development.     

代谢表面活性剂菌处理含油污泥的研究

试验采用异位生物修复技术堆肥法,对某炼厂油泥进行生物修复处理研究.用微生物代谢的表面活性剂对油泥进行预处理,洗脱油泥中部分油分后进行堆肥试验,投加从油田含油土壤中获得的以石油为唯一碳源、代谢高效生物表面活性剂的微生物C-2菌、F-2菌以及无机营养物和疏松剂(锯末),降解油泥中的石油污染物.经过外源微生物和内源微生物共同作用120 d,油泥中的石油烃总量由22 910 mg/kg下降到3 000 mg/kg以下.试验利用色谱-质谱联用方法分析了降解前后石油组分的变化.菌株经传统方法鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌.