节能型焦化污水生物脱氮新工艺的生产性试验研究

采用节能型生物脱氮新工艺对黑龙江某焦化厂的污水处理站进行生产性试验研究,结果表明:处理后出水达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级,并可回用于熄焦。该工艺适合推广应用于焦化污水、垃圾渗滤液、养殖、化肥等高含氮有机污水的处理。     

催化超临界水氧化法去除焦化废水中的氨氮

采用催化超临界水氧化技术处理焦化废水.实验结果表明:升高反应温度、增加反应压力、延长反应时间可提高废水中氨氮去除率;在反应时间为60 s、反应压力为30 MPa、反应温度为460℃的最佳实验条件下,未加入催化剂时的氨氮去除率为53.7％,加入催化剂后,氨氮去除率大幅提高,以MnO2为催化剂时氨氮去除率为86.9％,以CuSO4为催化剂时氨氮去除率为92.4％.     

壳聚糖改性膨润土处理焦化废水的实验研究

焦化废水是煤制焦炭、煤气净化及焦化产品回收过程中产生的废水,其成分复杂多变,属于难处理的工业废水。利用壳聚糖对膨润土进行改性,制备了壳聚糖改性膨润土,并应用于焦化废水的处理,并对影响处理效果的工艺参数进行了优化,结果表明：在pH=8.6,投加量为10g·mL-1,搅拌时间为30min,离心时间为12min条件下,改性膨润土对焦化废水CODcr的去除率达到82.5%以上,处理效果明显优于原土和壳聚糖。此外,通过对原土和壳聚糖改性膨润土进行的比表面积和扫描电镜等表征测定分析可知,壳聚糖的加入并没有改变膨润土的基本框架,只是增大了膨润土的比表面积,从而提高吸附性能。     

非离子表面活性剂淋洗萘污染土壤的修复研究

采用土柱实验研究了非离子表面活性剂对焦化厂萘污染砂土的淋洗效果,同时研究了超声预处理对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的增强效果及粉土和粘土对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的不利影响.研究表明,1)1g·L-1的TritonX-100、AEO-9和Tween80对同一萘浓度(192.4mg·kg-1)的土壤洗脱效率分别为73.0%、81.5%和59.0%,2g·L-1的表面活性剂的洗脱效率要高于1g·L-1的洗脱率,分别为96.5%、95.1%和88.2%.2)对土壤进行短时超声处理(80Hz)促进了洗脱率的提高,超声10min的淋洗效果要高于超声5min的淋洗效果;土壤分别经5min和10min超声处理后,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94%分别提高到98.8%和99.6%,洗脱时间从255min分别减少到172min和160min.3)砂土中含有粉土和粘土对洗脱效果有不利影响,且粘土的影响要更严重,当萘污染的砂土混入5%的粘土时,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94.7%下降至73.8%,洗脱时间从255min增加至605min,而混入20%的粉土洗脱率仅下降到88.4%,洗脱时间增加至512min.     

焦化废水回用作循环冷却水的腐蚀特性

采用静态旋转挂片法研究了焦化废水回用作循环冷却水的可行性,主要对焦化废水生化处理出水和焦化废水深度处理出水的腐蚀特性进行考察.结果表明,焦化废水生化处理出水腐蚀速率较小,仅为0.025 573 mm/a,远远低于《水处理剂缓蚀性能的测定 旋转挂片法》(GB/T18175—2000)标准值(≤0.125 mm/a),挂片表面腐蚀轻微,仅有几个点蚀,不需深度处理即可回用作循环冷却水.通过UV-Vis,FTIR及GC/MS分析可知,焦化废水生化处理出水中含有C—O,CO等极性官能团及非极性基团,与目前常用有机缓蚀剂结构相似,在回用作循环冷却水的过程中可能起到缓蚀剂的作用.      

超声辐照去除焦化废水中的氨氮

采用超声辐照去除焦化废水中的氨氮,在废水初始pH为8～9、氨氮初始质量浓度为121mg／L、饱和气体同时曝气同时超声的作用方式下对氨氮去除效果最佳。通过测定自由基清除剂对氨氮去除过程的影响和氨氮的转化形态,提出了超声去除氨氮的作用机理可能是溶液中的氨分子进入空化泡内进行高温热解反应最终转化成氮气和氢气的过程。     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

焦化干气制氢装置燃烧爆炸危险性分析与预防

分析了中国石化沧州分公司10000m^3／h焦化干气制氢装置生产过程中可能发生的燃烧爆炸危险,并提出了预防措施。     

高硫石油焦合理利用及其污染防治措施分析

通过分析石油焦的来源和特性,提出炼油厂延迟焦化装置产出的高硫石油焦直接进入厂内循环流化床锅炉是处理高硫石油焦较为合理的途径。通过采取有效的环保治理措施,可减少燃烧烟气中SO2,NOx的排放。