Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 nanoporous molecular sieve: A new and promising adsorbent for preconcentration of lead and copper ions

A rapid method for the extraction and monitoring of nanogram level of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions using uniform silanized mesopor (SBA-15) functionalized with aminobenzenesulfonamide groups and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is presented. Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized according to procedure in the literature and the presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra. The functionalized product showed the BET surface area 110 m²/g and pore diameter 5.1 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N₂ at 77 K. The effect of several variables such as (amount of adsorbent, stirring time, pH and presence of other ions in the medium) has been studied. Lead and copper were completely extracted at pH greater than 3 after stirring for 10 min. The maximum capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 191.3 ± 1.4 and 155.0 ± 1.0 μg of lead and copper ions/mg functionalized SBA-15, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 200. The detection limit of the technique was 3.4 and 0.4 ng/mL for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. The applications of this methodology for real samples were examined by various water type, black tea and pepper samples.     

Size distributions of aerosol and water-soluble ions in Nanjing during a crop residual burning event

To investigate the impact on urban air pollution by crop residual burning outside Nanjing, aerosol concentration, pollution gas concentration, mass concentration, and water-soluble ion size distribution were observed during one event of November 4-9, 2010. Results show that the size distribution of aerosol concentration is bimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 60-70 and 200-300 nm, respectively. Aerosol concentration is 10⁴ cm^-3. nm^-1 on pollution days. The peak value of spectrum distribution of aerosol concentration on pollution days is 1.5-3.3 times higher than that on a normal day. Crop residual burning has a great impact on the concentration of fine particles. Diurnal variation of aerosol concentration is trimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 03:00, 09:00 and 19:00 local standard time. The first peak is impacted by meteorological elements, while the second and third peaks are due to human activities, such as rush hour traffic. Crop residual burning has the greatest impact on SO₂ concentration, followed by NO₂, O₃ is hardly affected. The impact of crop residual burning on fine particles (< 2.1 μm) is larger than on coarse particles (> 2.1 μm), thus ion concentration in fine particles is higher than that in coarse particles. Crop residual burning leads to similar increase in all ion components, thus it has a small impact on the water-soluble ions order. Crop residual burning has a strong impact on the size distribution of K⁺, Cl^-, Na⁺, and F^- and has a weak impact on the size distributions of NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃^- and SO₄^2-.     

重金属离子与依诺沙星相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

荧光分析法是利用物质的荧光性质对物质进行分析的方法,文章应用荧光法研究了不同温度下重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+与喹诺酮类药物依诺沙星(ENX)的相互作用。结果表明:Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+对ENX内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成复合物所引起的静态猝灭,利用Stern-Volmer关系式计算了ENX与重金属离子Cu2+、Pb2+及Mn2+之间的猝灭常数KSV及结合位点数,根据热力学参数(自由能变ΔG、焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS)确定了ENX与重金属离子之间的主要作用力类型为静电作用力。该研究为探讨环境中重金属离子与ENX的作用机理和环境效应提供了理论依据。     

藏南羊卓雍错湖水化学空间分异特征

2010年7月对藏南羊卓雍错流域进行了水样采集,通过测定与分析,揭示了流域最大湖泊羊卓雍错表层湖水化学水平分布特征和深水剖面变化规律,并探讨了该湖与流域其他水体化学性质的差异。结果表明:流域特殊的高寒气候、湖泊形状与补给来源、湖岸水系发育程度不同是造成羊卓雍错湖水化学空间分异特征明显的关键。在水平方向上,湖水HCO3-、Ca2+以及矿化度南高北低,而SO42-和Mg2+南低北高。这是由于湖水从南向北缓慢流动过程中蒸发浓缩所致;卡鲁雄曲径流量经空姆错补给羊卓雍错北部,使其矿化度较低。在垂直方向上,愈向湖泊深处,湖水SO42-、Cl-、CO32-和矿化度愈大,HCO3-则降低。与流域其他湖泊相比,羊卓雍错水化学性质与同属以降水补给为主的湖泊相近,与以冰雪融水补给为主的湖泊差异显著。与河水和地下水相比,羊卓雍错湖水SO42-和Mg2+当量浓度最大,河水和地下水则HCO3-和Ca2+含量较大。     

燃煤电厂排放细颗粒物的水溶性无机离子特征综述

当前我国面临严重的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染,燃煤电厂是大气中PM2.5的重要来源之一.为了实现国家"十一五"和"十二五"规划对二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化物(NOx)的总量减排目标,燃煤电厂大规模安装烟气脱硫和脱硝设施,这虽然减少了气态污染物转化生成的二次PM2.5,但另一方面也会对烟气中PM2.5的物理化学特征产生影响,有可能增加一次PM2.5的排放.本文综述了燃煤电厂排放PM2.5及其水溶性离子的粒径分布特征,重点介绍了脱硫和脱硝这两种烟气处理设施对燃煤电厂排放PM2.5的影响原理及相关研究结果,特别是对细颗粒物中水溶性离子(如SO2-4、Ca2+和NH+4)的影响.在目前我国PM2.5污染十分严重和燃煤电厂大量安装脱硫和脱硝装置的背景下,定量研究脱硫和脱硝对PM2.5排放特征的影响具有十分重要的意义.     

阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析

阆中市思依镇地区的水体主离子特征受该地区地质条件、地形地貌以及水文气象条件等因素影响,分析该地区的水化学离子特征对掌握地下水类型、成因以及水质情况具有重要作用.运用统计学、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关性分析、主离子比例关系和平衡分析等方法对阆中市思依镇河水和地下水水样中的主离子测试结果进行分析,表明河水和地下水水体阳离子中Ca2+和Mg2+占主要优势,阴离子中HCO-3占主要优势,水化学类型主要有HCO3-Ca型、HCO3+SO4-Ca型和HCO3-Ca+Mg型.水体离子主要受岩石风化作用过程中溶滤作用影响,并以方解石和白云石的溶解为主.     

2016~2018年采暖季太行山沿线城市PM2.5污染特征分析

对2016年、2017年采暖季太行山沿线传输通道城市大气中PM_2.5的OC、EC和水溶性离子进行分析,并利用特征组分比值和元素富集因子变化研究该传输通道的污染特征.结果表明,2017年采暖季通道整体较2016年同期空气质量改善良好,PM_2.5浓度由2016年的171.86μg/m³下降为123.90μg/m³.太行山中部城市2017年采暖季较2016年同期PM_2.5浓度下降显著,2a采暖季SNA离子（SO^2-,NO₃^-,NH₄⁺ 3种离子总称）浓度与占比呈现"北低南高",加之SNA/EC比值"北低南高",表明南部城市二次无机生成较为严重.而OC、EC浓度与占比呈现"北高南低",Cl^-/K⁺比值和元素Zn、Ba的富集因子北部均高于南部,表明北部城市可能受燃煤和机动车源等一次排放影响较大;各城市2017年采暖季SO₂、NO₂、CO浓度有所下降,且均呈现"北高南低"趋势,进一步表明北部城市一次排放较为严重.     

Efficient adsorption of Mn(Ⅱ) by layered double hydroxides intercalated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and the mechanistic study

In this study, greatly enhanced Mn(II) adsorption was achieved by as-synthesized diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHsDTPA). The adsorption capacity of LDHs-DTPA was 83.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that of LDHs-EDTA(44.4 mg/g), LDHs-Oxalate(21.6 mg/g) and LDHs(28.8 mg/g). The adsorption data of aqueous Mn(II) using LDHs-DTPA could be well described by the pseudosecond order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamics study results also showed that the adsorption process of Mn(II) by LDHs-DTPA was exothermic as indicated by the negative ΔH value. Furthermore, based on the structural, morphological and thermostable features, as well as FT-IR and XPS characterizations of LDHs-DTPA and the pristine LDHs, the adsorption mechanism of Mn(II) was proposed. The carboxyl groups of DTPA were proposed to be the main binding sites for Mn(II), and the hydroxyl groups of LDHs also played a minor role in the adsorption process. Among the three common regeneration reagents, 0.1 mol/L Na_2CO_3 was the best for reusing LDHs-DTPA in Mn(II)adsorption. Besides, the Mn(II) adsorption performance could be hindered in the presence of typical inorganic ions, especially cations. Further specific modifications of LDHs-DTPA are suggested to get more selective adsorption of Mn(II) in practical applications.     

南京市一次霾污染过程中水溶性离子分布特征

使用MARGA离子在线分析仪ADI 2080对2017年12月27日~2018年1月5日南京市PM_2.5化学组分进行连续采样分析,结合气象要素和大气环境监测数据,探讨了霾污染过程中水溶性离子的时间分布特征及其来源特征.结果表明：霾日中南京水溶性离子浓度为121.41μg/m³,是洁净日的3.2倍.霾污染过程中水溶性离子平均浓度大小顺序为NO₃^- > SO₄^2- > NH₄⁺ > Cl^- > K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺,SNA离子占总水溶性离子浓度的91.97%.霾日中水溶性离子日变化均为三峰型,洁净日中Cl^-、SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺的日变化为单峰型,Ca²⁺为双峰型,K⁺、Mg²⁺为三峰型.随着空气污染状况的加重,总水溶性离子在PM_2.5中的占比不断减少,空气质量为优时占比95.93%,严重污染时为63.25%.霾日中随着污染加重,NH₄⁺占总离子的比例稳定在23%左右,SO₄^2-占比缓慢减小,NO₃^-占比不断增大.NOR、SOR的日变化在霾日呈双峰型分布,洁净日则较为平稳.观测期间的水溶性离子主要来源有二次转化、煤烟尘、扬尘以及生物质燃烧.