连云港海底底泥及青海湖底泥细菌多样性研究

通过对不同盐环境连云港海底底泥和青海湖底泥样品构建细菌16S rRNA克隆文库,对2个环境样品中细菌群落的多样性、丰富度和优势度等进行了比较,并对其群落组成结构进行了分析.结果表明,连云港海底底泥文库的多样性指数Shannon diversity（H）达到3.53,青海湖底泥文库的Shannon diversity（H...     

基于16S rRNA测序技术的青藏高原河流细菌群落多样性

近年来由于气候变化和人类活动等影响,我国青藏高原生态系统面临退化风险.微生物作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,能够反映流域的总体变化,是生态系统健康程度的指示器.为调查青藏高原河流生态系统的细菌群落多样性和组成特点,于2021年7月在青藏高原地区的黄河、长江、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江和柴达木盆地流域进行大范围水样采集,共收集样品65个,并基于16S rRNA技术对样品中细菌进行测序分析.结果表明,共检测出的细菌群落涵盖65门1 311属,各流域α多样性指数较高,说明青藏高原河流细菌的丰富度和多样性均处于较高水平.其中,表征物种丰富度的Chao指数和OTU richness指数均与SRP/TP的值有极显著负相关关系.门水平优势类群主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria);纲水平优势类群主要有γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲;属水平优势群主要有Flavobacterium和Limnohabitans.通过主坐标分析(PCoA)和置换多因素方差分析(Adonis...     

崇明东滩夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性研究

以长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩夏、冬两季表层沉积物中基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增样品中细菌16S rRNA基因V3区片段,通过克隆、测序,构建相应基因文库.系统发育分析结果表明,崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩表层沉积物共包含12个主要门类的细菌:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(α-、β-、γ-、δ-和ε-亚群)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、网团菌门(Dictyoglomi)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae),此外还存在大量未被认知的序列.中潮滩和低潮滩的优势菌为变形菌,高潮滩的优势菌为拟杆菌.DOTUR多样性分析结果表明,崇明中潮滩细菌多样性最高,低潮滩次之,高潮滩最低;夏季细菌多样性高于冬季.夏、冬两季细菌群落差异高潮滩最大,低潮滩次之,中潮滩最小.     

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed γ- Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.     

北京大气降水中细菌气溶胶的多样性研究

利用16S rRNA基因测序分类学技术,分别以北京市区2011及2012年不同月份的降水样品中细菌的基因组DNA为模板,通过克隆、测序构建基因组文库,研究了北京市大气降水中细菌的群落结构组成及多样性变化.系统发育分析结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria) (α-,β-,γ-)是北京市降水样品中细菌的优势菌群(75.6%~100%),另外包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、异常球菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、硝化螺菌门(Nitrospira)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)共7个主要门类的细菌,以及未定菌(TM7).多样性指数分析结果显示,不同的降水样品,细菌群落结构组成及多样性均存在着差异性,冬季12月份雪水样品细菌群落结构多样性明显高于其他季节的样品,细菌群落多样性(Shannon, H)特点是,冬季>秋季>夏季.     

Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline,thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Sludge digestion is critical to control the spread of ARGs from wastewater to soil. Fate of ARGs in three pretreatment-AD processes was investigated. UP was more efficient for ARGs removal than AP and THP in pretreatment-AD process. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA gene. The bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria. Sewage sludge in the wastewater treatment plants contains considerable amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A few studies have reported that anaerobic digestion (AD) could successfully remove some ARGs from sewage sludge, but information on the fate of ARGs in sludge pretreatment-AD process is still very limited. In this study, three sludge pretreatment methods, including alkaline, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments, were compared to investigate the distribution and removal of ARGs in the sludge pretreatment-AD process. Results showed that the ARGs removal efficiency of AD itself was approximately 50.77%, and if these three sludge pretreatments were applied, the total ARGs removal efficiency of the whole pretreatment-AD process could be improved up to 52.50%–75.07%. The ultrasonic pretreatment was more efficient than alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatments. Although thermal hydrolysis reduced ARGs obviously, the total ARGs rebounded considerably after inoculation and were only removed slightly in the subsequent AD process. Furthermore, it was found that the total ARGs concentration significantly correlated with the amount of 16S rRNA gene during the pretreatment and AD processes, and the bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria.     

高效氯氰菊酯降解菌群的结构分析及其降解特性研究

以连作10年以上的棉田土壤为材料,以高效氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源,驯化获得能稳定传代并持续降解高效氯氰菊酯的LZ1菌群,对菌群中可培养的细菌进行分离鉴定,最后对其降解高效氯氰菊酯的特性进行分析。结果表明,LZ1菌群中可分离、纯化优势菌株12株,经16SrRNA序列分析,其中10株与铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)相似性达99%,1株与无色杆菌(Achromobacter mucicolens)相似性达99%。高效氯氰菊酯最佳反应条件为高效氯氰菊酯初始质量浓度250mg/L、温度27℃、pH7.0、装样量200mL。在最佳反应条件下培养的LZ1菌群24h时对高效氯氰菊酯的降解率可达68.81%,132h时的降解率可达92.39%,且LZ1菌群对高效氯氰菊酯的4种异构体没有明显的降解特异性。     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and the dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH3-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% (in term of Chl-a) of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH3-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

稀土矿废弃地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物演变

以福建长汀典型离子型稀土矿堆浸冶炼废弃地作为研究对象，采取"空间代时间"的方法，对堆浸废弃地不同植物恢复年限样地土壤理化性质及微生物进行调查测定，分析植物恢复对稀土矿堆浸废弃地土壤理化特性及微生物的影响.结果表明：在植被恢复第3a和4a土壤理化性质显著高于未治理废弃地，但仍显著低于矿区周边未开采对照（P<0.05）.植被恢复年4a以后，长汀稀土矿废弃地土壤理化性质则呈下降趋势，但仍显著高于未治理废弃地（P<0.05）.长汀稀土矿堆浸废弃地不同植被恢复年限土壤细菌丰度及多样存在一定差异.随植被恢复年限的增加，土壤细菌多样性及丰度降低，但一些特殊细菌群如γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）、a-变形杆菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）等在不同植被恢复年限样地中其相对丰度明显增加.具有固氮作用的蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）随着植被恢复年限的增加，其相对丰度降低.广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）仅存在于未开采对照样地；土壤寡营养细菌酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）随植被恢复年限的增加，相对丰度呈增大趋势.土壤中优势菌群广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、β-变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、Methanobacterium属、罗尔斯通菌属（Ralstonia）与土壤pH、全磷、全钾、速效磷等呈正相关.土壤pH值、全磷、全钾等是影响广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）等细菌菌群多样性及相对丰度变化的重要因素.以上结果表明，离子型稀土矿堆浸废弃地植被恢复治理到3~4a时，应采取防治措施对其进行人工抚育管理，否则可能会出现前期恢复后期退化的问题.     

黄芪根瘤菌CA8561和JL84的部分16S rRNA基因序列的测定

报导了黄芪根瘤菌ＣＡ８５６１和ＪＬ８４的部分１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因序列，测算了它们与已知根瘤菌、茎瘤菌各属模式种之间的遗传距离。结果表明，ＣＡ８５６１和ＪＬ８４均具有独立的进化路线，充分显示了黄芪根瘤菌的遗传多样性。