化学镀镍废液的处理及再生技术研究进展

介绍了化学镀镍废液的产生和危害,综述了近年来国内外采用化学沉淀法、电解法、氧化还原法、萃取法、离子交换法、电渗析法等对化学镀镍废液进行处理及净化再生的技术研究进展,对各种方法的实用性进行了评价,并指出今后的发展方向。     

双极性膜电渗析法在脱硫废液NaHSO3再生过程中的应用研究

介绍了用双极性膜电渗析法对烟气脱硫废液（ＮａＨＳＯ３）进行再生的方法,使用自制均相双极膜和上海产异相双极性膜,配以均阳相离子交换膜,均能以满意的转化率（８０％以上）实现再生,再行过程中电流效率的下降（由８０％左右下降到２０％左右）是由于酸室中氢离子浓度升高所致,脱硫废液中少量到钠的存在对再生过程无明显影响,目前障碍该法实际应用主要的问题是国内试制厝的寿命较短。     

土壤种子库研究的几个热点问题

土壤种子库是指存在于土壤表层凋落物和土壤中全部活性种子的总和。土壤中有活性的种子是植物群落的一部分,是新植株的来源。土壤种子库可以分为瞬时土壤种子库和持久土壤种子库。随着群落生态学的发展,土壤种子库的研究已经成为植物生态学重要的一部分,研究内容主要包括:(1)土壤种子库的组成和分布;(2)土壤种子库的动态;(3)地上植被与土壤种子库的关系;(4)干扰对土壤种子库的作用;(5)土壤种子库在生态恢复中的作用。文章在对目前土壤种子库的研究方法、主要研究内容方面总结的基础上,认为土壤种子库在合适的干扰作用下对退化生态系统的恢复以及植被更新发挥重要的作用,同时需进一步加强对这一过程中种子萌发、幼苗建立限制因素的研究。     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

An experimental-computational study of DPF soot capture and heat regeneration

ABSTRACT

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce the exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and meet emission regulations. We report herein an experimental-numerical study to investigate the soot capture and regeneration behavior in a commonly used DPF. Simulations are performed using the AVL FIRE software that considers a fairly detailed DPF model. The model is validated using measured pressure drop history during soot capture, and temperature history during regeneration from a parallel experimental study using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. Then, a detailed numerical study is performed to examine the soot capture and heat regeneration processes, and characterize the effects of various parameters on these processes and on DPF performance. Results indicate that the pressure drop during soot loading can be reduced by increasing the CPSI (channels per square inch), minimizing the amount of residual soot in each regeneration cycle, and using moderate gas flow rates. The DPF regeneration performance is characterized in terms of the rates of temperature rise and soot oxidation. Results indicate that these rates are enhanced, as the oxygen content in the exhaust stream is increased to about 12%, the rate of thermal heating is moderately increased, and as the exhaust gas flow rate is increased. Thus, the regeneration efficiency can be significantly improving by optimizing these parameters.     

建筑垃圾的处理及再生利用研究

在此对国内外建筑垃圾的现状进行了研究。对分选、破碎后的垃圾骨料进行了坚固性、压碎值等试验 ;将其替代新鲜石子做再生混凝土 ,并对再生混凝土的强度、弹性模量、抗冻、抗渗性能进行了试验。试验结果表明 ,强度损失很小 ,模量损失约 2 0 % ,抗冻指标 >D5 0。     

废橡胶热解制油品和化学品实验研究

在实验室进行废橡胶的固定床热解实验 ,研究热解条件主要是温度对热解产物及其组成的影响 ;选择最佳热解条件 ,以得到较高的产物收率和质量 ;研究表明 ,所得到的热解液体中 ,轻中馏分可作为汽、柴油馏分 ,重馏分可作为橡胶加工中的填充油 ;热解的固体残余物经处理后可得到橡胶工业中的半补强炭黑 ,初步估算 ,废橡胶热解工艺有较高经济效益。     

Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2用于烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

首先分析了亚铁和二巯基丙烷硫酸根[Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2]化合物的脱硝机理,NO的脱除主要基于其与Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2生成亚硝酰基化合物.对鼓泡反应器中吸收传质机理的研究表明,化学反应速率和传质速率对脱硝过程有重要影响.同时探讨了液气比、烟气中NO浓度、烟气流速和pH值等因素对脱硝效果的影响,还讨论了Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2的再生方法.提出了该方法存在的问题.     

粒状活性炭的电化学再生实验研究

研究了吸附苯酚的饱和粒状活性炭在电化学反应器中的再生实验，结果表明电化学再生活性炭是可行的。电流密度、电解时间、电解质浓度等因素是电化学再生过程的主要影响因素。     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.